---
title: lizard — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lizard» in the Judaism dictionary: A lizard is a reptile with scaly skin, four short legs and a long tail, such as a gecko or iguana. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lizard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lizard, these, swarming things, gecko, Lizards, cousin · **What happens:** be, swarm, sunbathe, climb, drop, run away · **To what, where:** reptile, earth, warm rock, lizard, walls, tail

<!-- .vabout -->
«lizard» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lizard in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/lizard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lizard is a reptile with scaly skin, four short legs and a long tail, such as a gecko or iguana.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:m1:1
# text = A lizard is a reptile with scaly skin, four short legs and a long tail, such as a gecko or iguana.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reptile	reptile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	scaly	scaly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
11	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	gecko	gecko	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	iguana	iguana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lizard | a reptile and a gecko or iguana |  |  |  | with scaly skin and four short legs and a long tail | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and the gecko, and the land-crocodile, and the lizard, and the sand-lizard, and the chameleon. (Torah LEV.11.30, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* and the gecko, and the land-crocodile, and the lizard, and the sand-lizard, and the chameleon.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:x1:1
# text = and the gecko, and the land-crocodile, and the lizard, and the sand-lizard, and the chameleon.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	gecko	gecko	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	chameleon	chameleon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.11.30, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.11.30, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.11.30	LEV.11.30	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And these are they which are unclean unto you among the swarming things that swarm upon the earth: the weasel, and the mouse, and the great lizard after its kinds, (Torah LEV.11.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:x2:1
# text = And these are they which are unclean unto you among the swarming things that swarm upon the earth: the weasel, and the mouse, and the great lizard after its kinds, (Torah LEV.11.29, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	among	among	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	swarming	swarm	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	swarm	swarm	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	weasel	weasel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
31	after	after	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
37	LEV.11.29	LEV.11.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	flat	_	_
40	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	39	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	39	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | these |  |  |  |  | unto you; among the swarming things; unclean *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **swarm** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **swarm** | present | the swarming things |  |  | the earth |  |  | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon earth=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lizard was sunbathing on the warm rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:x3:1
# text = A lizard was sunbathing on the warm rock.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sunbathing	sunbathe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sunbathe** | past · progressive | a lizard |  |  | the warm rock |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gecko is a lizard that can climb walls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:x4:1
# text = The gecko is a lizard that can climb walls.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gecko	gecko	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the gecko | a lizard |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **climb** | can | a lizard | walls |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location wall=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lizard dropped its tail and ran away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:x5:1
# text = The lizard dropped its tail and ran away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | the lizard | lizard's tail |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Theme |
| 2 | **run away** | past | the lizard *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lizards are reptiles with scaly skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:x6:1
# text = Lizards are reptiles with scaly skin.
1	Lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	scaly	scaly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lizards | reptiles |  |  |  | with scaly skin | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin has a pet bearded dragon, which is a kind of lizard.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:x7:1
# text = My cousin has a pet bearded dragon, which is a kind of lizard.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	bearded	bearded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My cousin | a pet bearded dragon |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dragon=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a pet bearded dragon | a kind |  |  |  | of lizard | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands after holding a lizard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:x8:1
# text = Wash your hands after holding a lizard.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund | you *not said here* | a lizard |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lizard=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He looked like a giant lizard with legs and arms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lizard:x9:1
# text = He looked like a giant lizard with legs and arms.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | He |  |  |  |  | like a giant lizard with legs and arms | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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