---
title: loath — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «loath» in the Judaism dictionary: Loath means unwilling, not wanting to do something: loath to go. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# loath

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Loath, thou, I, soul, daughter, sisters · **What happens:** mean, unwill, not want, do, go, choose · **To what, where:** something, I, three shepherds, Me, husband, husbands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«loath» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [loath in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/loath.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Loath means unwilling, not wanting to do something: loath to go.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:loath:m1:1
# text = Loath means unwilling, not wanting to do something: loath to go.
1	Loath	loath	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	unwilling	unwill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	wanting	want	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	loath	loath	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Loath |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **unwill** *not said to happen* | gerund | Loath *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **want** | gerund | Loath *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Loath *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 5 | **go** | to-infinitive | Loath *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For thou loathest it, so that thou must choose, and not I; therefore speak what thou knowest. (Writings JOB.34.33, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For thou loathest it, so that thou must choose, and not I; therefore speak what thou knowest.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:loath:x1:1
# text = For thou loathest it, so that thou must choose, and not I; therefore speak what thou knowest.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	loathest	loath	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
18	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	20	obj	_	_
19	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nsubj	_	_
20	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | must | thou | I |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.34.33, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:loath:x1:2
# text = (Writings JOB.34.33, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.34.33	JOB.34.33	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I cut off the three shepherds in one month; 'for My soul became impatient of them, and their soul also loathed Me.' (Prophets ZEC.11.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And I cut off the three shepherds in one month; 'for My soul became impatient of them, and their soul also loathed Me.'

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:loath:x2:1
# text = And I cut off the three shepherds in one month; 'for My soul became impatient of them, and their soul also loathed Me.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cut	cut	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
17	impatient	impatient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
24	also	also	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	loathed	loathe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
26	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut off** | present | I | the three shepherds |  |  | month |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector shepherd=Eventuality |
| 2 | **become** | past | My soul |  |  |  |  | impatient *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **loathe** | past | shepherds's soul | Me |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ZEC.11.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:loath:x2:2
# text = (Prophets ZEC.11.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ZEC.11.8	ZEC.11.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou art thy mother's daughter, that loatheth her husband and her children; and thou art the sister of thy sisters, who loathed their husbands and their children; your mother was a Hittite, and your father an Amorite. (Prophets EZK.16.45, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou art thy mother's daughter, that loatheth her husband and her children; and thou art the sister of thy sisters, who loathed their husbands and their children; your mother was a Hittite, and your father an Amorite.

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:loath:x3:1
# text = Thou art thy mother's daughter, that loatheth her husband and her children; and thou art the sister of thy sisters, who loathed their husbands and their children; your mother was a Hittite, and your father an Amorite.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	nsubj	_	_
2	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	_
9	loatheth	loathe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nsubj	_	_
18	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	sisters	sister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	loathed	loathe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
27	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	husbands	husband	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
33	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
35	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	Hittite	hittite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
40	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
42	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	Amorite	amorite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **loathe** | present | thy mother's daughter | her husband and her children |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer husband=Stimulus |
| 2 | **loathe** | past | thy sisters | children's husbands and husband's children |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer husband=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is a** | past | your mother | a Hittite and a Amorite |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **amorite** |  | your father |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.16.45, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:loath:x3:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.16.45, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.16.45	EZK.16.45	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was loath to go to bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:loath:x4:1
# text = He was loath to go to bed.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	loath	loath	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | loath *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  | bed |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goddess was loath to say goodbye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:loath:x5:1
# text = The goddess was loath to say goodbye.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goddess	goddess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	loath	loath	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
7	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the goddess |  |  |  |  | loath *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | goodbye |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent goodbye=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am loath to spoil the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:loath:x6:1
# text = I am loath to spoil the game.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	loath	loath	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	spoil	spoil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | loath *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **spoil** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | the game |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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