---
title: manuscript — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «manuscript» in the Judaism dictionary: A book, story or piece of writing written by hand, especially an old one from before printing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# manuscript

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old one, writer, reading, My, manuscript variant, manuscripts · **What happens:** write, print, type, copy, write out, accord · **To what, where:** book, own copy, Music, manuscript, manuscript variant, present edition

<!-- .vabout -->
«manuscript» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [manuscript in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/manuscript.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A book, story or piece of writing written by hand, especially an old one from before printing.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:m1:1
# text = A book, story or piece of writing written by hand, especially an old one from before printing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
17	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	printing	print	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | a book and story or piece of writing *not said here* |  |  |  | by hand | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **print** | gerund | a old one *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The writer's own copy of a book before it is printed, now often typed.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:m2:1
# text = The writer's own copy of a book before it is printed, now often typed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	typed	type	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | present · passive |  | the writer's own copy of a book before book |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **type** | participle |  |  |  |  | now | often *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **copy** |  | the writer | a book before book |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Music written out by hand (manuscript paper).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:m3:1
# text = Music written out by hand (manuscript paper).
1	Music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	manuscript	manuscript	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write out** | participle |  | Music *not said here* |  |  |  | by hand | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by hand=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My reading according to a manuscript of Rabbi Isaac Luria, which I have preferred to all others, is thus: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x1:1
# text = My reading according to a manuscript of Rabbi Isaac Luria, which I have preferred to all others, is thus: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
3	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	case	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Rabbi	Rabbi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Isaac	Isaac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	Luria	Luria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	preferred	prefer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
20	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
28	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	25	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **prefer** | present · perfect · passive |  | a manuscript of Rabbi Isaac |  |  |  | to all others | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **be** | present | My reading accord a manuscript of Rabbi Isaac |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **read** |  | My |  |  |  |  | accord a manuscript of Rabbi Isaac | nom reading «cognition transitive»: poss=agent accord=obl |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
However, the manuscript variant found in the present edition is certainly old, appearing already in the oldest extant versions of the SY in the commentary of Saadia Gaon. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* However, the manuscript variant found in the present edition is certainly old, appearing already in the oldest extant versions of the SY in the commentary of Saadia Gaon.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x2:1
# text = However, the manuscript variant found in the present edition is certainly old, appearing already in the oldest extant versions of the SY in the commentary of Saadia Gaon.
1	However	however	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	manuscript	manuscript	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	variant	variant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	edition	edition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	appearing	appear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
16	already	already	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	21	amod	_	_
20	extant	extant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	versions	version	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	SY	SY	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	commentary	commentary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Saadia	Saadia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	Gaon	Gaon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle |  | the manuscript variant *not said here* |  | the present edition |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the manuscript variant |  |  |  |  | certainly, however, old *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **appear** | gerund | the manuscript variant *not said here* |  |  | the oldest extant versions of the SY in the commentary of Saadia |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in version=Location |
| 4 | **comment** |  |  | Saadia |  |  |  |  | nom commentary «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some manuscripts have a different reading, בשלשה ספרים בספר וספר וספר ‘with three books: a book, and a book, and a book’—certainly easier linguistically but no more clear in its meaning. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Some manuscripts have a different reading, בשלשה ספרים בספר וספר וספר ‘with three books: a book, and a book, and a book’—certainly easier linguistically but no more clear in its meaning.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x3:1
# text = Some manuscripts have a different reading, בשלשה ספרים בספר וספר וספר ‘with three books: a book, and a book, and a book’—certainly easier linguistically but no more clear in its meaning.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	manuscripts	manuscript	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	בשלשה	בשלשה	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	ספרים	ספרים	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	בספר	בספר	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	וספר	וספר	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	וספר	וספר	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	‘	‘	SYM	SYM	_	16	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	parataxis	_	_
32	linguistically	linguistically	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
33	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	no	no	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
35	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	36	advmod	_	_
36	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	conj	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some manuscripts | a different reading and בשלשה ספרים and בספר וספר וספר ‘ three books |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reading=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** |  | וספר |  |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monks wrote manuscripts with feather pens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x4:1
# text = Monks wrote manuscripts with feather pens.
1	Monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	manuscripts	manuscript	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pens	pen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Monks | manuscripts |  |  |  | with feather pens | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manuscript=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum shows an old manuscript with gold letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x5:1
# text = The museum shows an old manuscript with gold letters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the museum | a old manuscript |  |  |  | with gold letters | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent manuscript=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The author sent her manuscript to a publisher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x6:1
# text = The author sent her manuscript to a publisher.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	publisher	publisher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the author | author's manuscript |  | a publisher |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent manuscript=Theme to publisher=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This manuscript is hundreds of years old.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x7:1
# text = This manuscript is hundreds of years old.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this manuscript |  |  |  |  | hundreds of years *obl:unmarked*; old *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote our tunes on manuscript paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x8:1
# text = We wrote our tunes on manuscript paper.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	tunes	tune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	manuscript	manuscript	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | our tunes |  | manuscript paper |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tune=Theme on paper=Destination |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The manuscript was full of crossed-out words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x9:1
# text = The manuscript was full of crossed-out words.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	crossed	cross	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	out	out	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the manuscript |  |  |  |  | of crossed out words; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cross** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Caliph, who liked to have old manuscripts in his library, even though he could not read them, purchased the scroll and the box, and dismissed the pedlar.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:manuscript:x10:1
# text = The Caliph, who liked to have old manuscripts in his library, even though he could not read them, purchased the scroll and the box, and dismissed the pedlar.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Caliph	Caliph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	liked	like	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	manuscripts	manuscript	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	even	even	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
15	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
22	purchased	purchase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	scroll	scroll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	dismissed	dismiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	pedlar	pedlar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | past | the Caliph |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Caliph *not said here* | old manuscripts |  | Caliph's library |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manuscript=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **read** | could | Caliph | manuscripts *= manuscript* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |
| 4 | **purchase** | past | the Caliph | the scroll and the box |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scroll=Theme |
| 5 | **dismiss** | past | the Caliph *not said here* | the pedlar |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pedlar=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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