---
title: messenger — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «messenger» in the Judaism dictionary: A person who carries a message, letter or parcel from one person or place to another. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/M/messenger/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [M](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/M/) / messenger

# messenger

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, app, substance, Israel, Jacob, Balaam · **What happens:** carry, send, say, do, return, tell · **To what, where:** message, another, text messages, signals, messengers, Torah NUM.21.21 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«messenger» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [messenger in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/messenger.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who carries a message, letter or parcel from one person or place to another.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:m1:1
# text = A person who carries a message, letter or parcel from one person or place to another.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	parcel	parcel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | a person | a message |  | another |  | from one person or place | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme from person=Initial\_Location to another=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An app or service for sending text messages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:m2:1
# text = An app or service for sending text messages.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sending	send	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
7	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | gerund | a app or service *not said here* | text messages |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A substance in the body that carries signals, such as a hormone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:m3:1
# text = A substance in the body that carries signals, such as a hormone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hormone	hormone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | a substance in the body | signals and a hormone |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, saying: (Torah NUM.21.21, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x1:1
# text = And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, saying: (Torah NUM.21.21, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Sihon	Sihon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Amorites	Amorite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	NUM.21.21	NUM.21.21	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	_
19	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Israel | messengers |  |  |  | unto Sihon king of the Amorites | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Israel *not said here* | Torah NUM.21.21 |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent num.21.21=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the field of Edom. (Torah GEN.32.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the field of Edom.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x2:1
# text = And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the field of Edom.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Esau	Esau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
11	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Seir	Seir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Jacob | messengers | Esau |  | before him *= he* | unto the land of Seir | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.32.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.32.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.32.3	GEN.32.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Balaam said unto Balak: 'Spoke I not also to thy messengers that thou didst send unto me, saying: (Torah NUM.24.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x3:1
# text = And Balaam said unto Balak: 'Spoke I not also to thy messengers that thou didst send unto me, saying: (Torah NUM.24.12, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Balaam	Balaam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Balak	Balak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Spoke	spoke	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
11	also	also	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obj	_	_
16	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
17	didst	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
19	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
24	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	NUM.24.12	NUM.24.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	_
29	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Balaam |  | thy messengers |  |  | unto Balak | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to messenger=Recipient |
| 2 | **do** | past | thou | thy messengers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **send** | infinitive | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto me | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | thou *not said here* | Torah NUM.24.12 |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent num.24.12=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the messengers returned, and told the king. (Prophets 2KI.7.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the messengers returned, and told the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x4:1
# text = And the messengers returned, and told the king.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | the messengers |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the messengers *not said here* |  | the king |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent king=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2KI.7.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x4:2
# text = (Prophets 2KI.7.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2KI.7.15	2KI.7.15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Or deaf, as My messenger that I send? (Prophets ISA.42.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Or deaf, as My messenger that I send?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x5:1
# text = Or deaf, as My messenger that I send?
1	Or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	deaf	deaf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | infinitive | My messenger |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.42.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x5:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.42.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.42.19	ISA.42.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who makest winds Thy messengers, the flaming fire Thy ministers. (Writings PSA.104.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Who makest winds Thy messengers, the flaming fire Thy ministers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x6:1
# text = Who makest winds Thy messengers, the flaming fire Thy ministers.
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makest	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	flaming	flaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	ministers	minister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present |  | winds and Thy messengers and the flaming fire and Thy ministers |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.104.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.104.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.104.4	PSA.104.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king sent a messenger with a letter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x7:1
# text = The king sent a messenger with a letter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the king | a messenger |  |  |  | with a letter | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The messenger rode through the night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x8:1
# text = The messenger rode through the night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the messenger |  |  |  | night |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't shoot the messenger — I'm only telling you what Mum said!

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x9:1
# text = Don't shoot the messenger — I'm only telling you what Mum said!
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	shoot	shoot	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	iobj	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	obj	_	_
13	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **shoot** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the messenger |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · progressive | I |  | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bike messenger delivered the parcel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x10:1
# text = A bike messenger delivered the parcel.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	parcel	parcel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deliver** | past | a bike messenger | the parcel |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parcel=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I sent Gran a photo on the messenger app.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x11:1
# text = I sent Gran a photo on the messenger app.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | I | a photo | Gran | the messenger app |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent gran=Destination photo=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hormones are chemical messengers in the body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x12:1
# text = Hormones are chemical messengers in the body.
1	Hormones	hormone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hormones | chemical messengers |  | the body |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher made me the messenger to the office.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x13:1
# text = The teacher made me the messenger to the office.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the teacher | the messenger | me |  |  | to the office | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset i=Beneficiary messenger=Product |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pigeons were once used as messengers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x14:1
# text = Pigeons were once used as messengers.
1	Pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past · passive |  | Pigeons |  |  |  | as messengers; once *property* | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as messenger=Attribute |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is a messenger from Heaven.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:messenger:x15:1
# text = This is a messenger from Heaven.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | a messenger |  | Heaven |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [message](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/M/message/)
- next →: [messiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/M/messiah/)
- ↑ back to [M in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/M/)