---
title: millstone — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «millstone» in the Judaism dictionary: A millstone is one of a pair of large, round, flat stones used in a mill to grind grain into flour. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# millstone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** millstone, you, man, heart, certain woman, river · **What happens:** be, use, grind, not get, take, pledge · **To what, where:** one, large round flat stones, mill, grain, flour, heavy problem · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«millstone» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [millstone in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/millstone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A millstone is one of a pair of large, round, flat stones used in a mill to grind grain into flour.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:m1:1
# text = A millstone is one of a pair of large, round, flat stones used in a mill to grind grain into flour.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	millstone	millstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
9	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
15	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	mill	mill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	grind	grind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
21	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a millstone | one |  |  |  | of a pair of large round flat stones | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | large round flat stones *not said here* |  | a mill |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **grind** | to-infinitive |  | grain |  | flour |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent grain=Material into flour=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A millstone (round your neck) is a heavy problem or responsibility you can't get rid of.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:m2:1
# text = A millstone (round your neck) is a heavy problem or responsibility you can't get rid of.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	millstone	millstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	round	round	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	parataxis	_	_
18	rid	rid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a millstone | a heavy problem or responsibility |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **get** | can | you |  |  |  |  | rid *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No man shall take the mill or the upper millstone to pledge; for he taketh a man's life to pledge. (Torah DEU.24.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* No man shall take the mill or the upper millstone to pledge; for he taketh a man's life to pledge.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x1:1
# text = No man shall take the mill or the upper millstone to pledge; for he taketh a man's life to pledge.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mill	mill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	millstone	millstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	pledge	pledge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	taketh	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	's	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	pledge	pledge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | shall | no man | the mill or the upper millstone |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mill=Theme |
| 2 | **pledge** | to-infinitive | no man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **take** | present | man | a man's life |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |
| 4 | **pledge** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.24.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.24.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.24.6	DEU.24.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His heart is as firm as a stone; yea, firm as the nether millstone. (Writings JOB.41.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* His heart is as firm as a stone; yea, firm as the nether millstone.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x2:1
# text = His heart is as firm as a stone; yea, firm as the nether millstone.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	firm	firm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	firm	firm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	nether	nether	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	millstone	millstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | His heart |  |  |  |  | as a stone; firm *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | His heart *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as the nether millstone | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.41.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x2:2
# text = (Writings JOB.41.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.41.16	JOB.41.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And a certain woman cast an upper millstone upon Abimelech's head, and broke his skull. (Prophets JDG.9.53, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And a certain woman cast an upper millstone upon Abimelech's head, and broke his skull.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x3:1
# text = And a certain woman cast an upper millstone upon Abimelech's head, and broke his skull.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	millstone	millstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	Abimelech	Abimelech	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	skull	skull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | past | a certain woman | a upper millstone |  | Abimelech's head |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent millstone=Theme upon head=Destination |
| 2 | **break** | past | a certain woman *not said here* | Abimelech's skull |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skull=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.9.53, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x3:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.9.53, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.9.53	JDG.9.53	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take the millstones, and grind meal; remove thy veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers. (Prophets ISA.47.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Take the millstones, and grind meal; remove thy veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x4:1
# text = Take the millstones, and grind meal; remove thy veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	millstones	millstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	grind	grind	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	remove	remove	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	veil	veil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	strip	strip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	off	off	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	uncover	uncover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
23	through	through	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | the millstones |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent millstone=Theme |
| 2 | **grind** | present | you *not said here* | meal |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meal=Patient |
| 3 | **remove** | infinitive | you *not said here* | thy veil and strip |  | the train |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent veil=Theme off train=Source |
| 4 | **uncover** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the leg |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **pass** | present | you *not said here* |  |  | the rivers |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through river=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.47.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x4:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.47.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.47.2	ISA.47.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The millstone turned slowly and ground the wheat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x5:1
# text = The millstone turned slowly and ground the wheat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	millstone	millstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the millstone | the wheat |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wheat=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old millstones are sometimes used in gardens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x6:1
# text = Old millstones are sometimes used in gardens.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	millstones	millstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Old millstones |  | gardens |  | sometimes *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river turned the wheel that turned the millstone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x7:1
# text = The river turned the wheel that turned the millstone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	millstone	millstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the river | the wheel |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | past | the wheel | the millstone |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent millstone=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The debt was a millstone round his neck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x8:1
# text = The debt was a millstone round his neck.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	millstone	millstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	round	round	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the debt | a millstone |  |  |  | round his neck | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A millstone is very heavy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x9:1
# text = A millstone is very heavy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	millstone	millstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a millstone |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jesus spoke of a millstone in one of his warnings in the Gospels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x10:1
# text = Jesus spoke of a millstone in one of his warnings in the Gospels.
1	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	millstone	millstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	warnings	warning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Gospels	Gospel	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Jesus |  |  |  |  | of a millstone; in one of Jesus's warnings in the Gospels | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **warn** |  | Jesus |  |  | the Gospels |  |  | nom warning «communication transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Four millstones formed his shield, and on a box-tree close by hung his giant sword.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:millstone:x11:1
# text = Four millstones formed his shield, and on a box-tree close by hung his giant sword.
1	Four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	millstones	millstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
13	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
14	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	hung	hang	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | past | Four millstones | his shield |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shield=Theme |
| 2 | **hang** | gerund | Four millstones *not said here* | his giant sword |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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