---
title: minstrel — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «minstrel» in the Judaism dictionary: A minstrel was, long ago, a singer or musician who travelled from place to place singing songs and telling tales. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# minstrel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** minstrel, singer, singers, minstrels, damsels, you · **What happens:** be, travel, sing, tell, go, follow · **To what, where:** singer, place, songs, tales, midst, minstrel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«minstrel» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [minstrel in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/minstrel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A minstrel was, long ago, a singer or musician who travelled from place to place singing songs and telling tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:minstrel:m1:1
# text = A minstrel was, long ago, a singer or musician who travelled from place to place singing songs and telling tales.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	musician	musician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	travelled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
19	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	conj	_	_
22	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a minstrel | a singer or musician |  |  |  | ago *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **travel** | past | a singer or musician |  |  | place |  | to place | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to place=Destination |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | a singer or musician *not said here* | songs |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | a singer or musician *not said here* | tales |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tale=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The singers go before, the minstrels follow after, in the midst of damsels playing upon timbrels. (Writings PSA.68.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The singers go before, the minstrels follow after, in the midst of damsels playing upon timbrels.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:minstrel:x1:1
# text = The singers go before, the minstrels follow after, in the midst of damsels playing upon timbrels.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	singers	singer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	before	before	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	minstrels	minstrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	follow	follow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	after	after	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	damsels	damsel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	timbrels	timbrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the singers |  |  |  |  | before *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | present | the minstrels |  |  | the midst of damsels |  | after *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in midst=Location |
| 3 | **play** | gerund | damsels *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon timbrels | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.68.26, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:minstrel:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.68.26, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.68.26	PSA.68.26	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But now bring me a minstrel.' And it came to pass, when the minstrel played, that the hand of the LORD came upon him. (Prophets 2KI.3.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But now bring me a minstrel.'

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:minstrel:x2:1
# text = But now bring me a minstrel.'
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | imperative | you *not said here* | a minstrel | me |  | now |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent i=Destination minstrel=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* And it came to pass, when the minstrel played, that the hand of the LORD came upon him.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:minstrel:x2:2
# text = And it came to pass, when the minstrel played, that the hand of the LORD came upon him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | minstrel |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | minstrel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **play** | past | the minstrel |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **come** | past | the hand of the LORD |  |  |  |  | upon him *= he* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon he=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Prophets 2KI.3.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:minstrel:x2:3
# text = (Prophets 2KI.3.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2KI.3.15	2KI.3.15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The minstrel played his harp in the great hall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:minstrel:x3:1
# text = The minstrel played his harp in the great hall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	harp	harp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | the minstrel | minstrel's harp |  | the great hall |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harp=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A minstrel sang of brave knights and dragons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:minstrel:x4:1
# text = A minstrel sang of brave knights and dragons.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	dragons	dragon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | a minstrel |  |  |  |  | of brave knights and dragons | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children gathered to hear the minstrel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:minstrel:x5:1
# text = The children gathered to hear the minstrel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | the children |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | to-infinitive | the children *not said here* | the minstrel |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer minstrel=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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