---
title: mischievous — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mischievous» in the Judaism dictionary: Liking to play tricks and cause small trouble in a playful way: a mischievous puppy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mischievous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Liking, someone, He, men, evil doer, liar · **What happens:** like, play, cause, show, plan, mean · **To what, where:** tricks, small trouble, playful way, trick, harm, evil · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mischievous» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mischievous in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/mischievous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liking to play tricks and cause small trouble in a playful way: a mischievous puppy.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:m1:1
# text = Liking to play tricks and cause small trouble in a playful way: a mischievous puppy.
1	Liking	like	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	tricks	trick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	playful	playful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **play** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | tricks |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Theme |
| 3 | **cause** | present | Liking | small trouble |  | a playful way |  | a mischievous puppy *obl* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition trouble=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Showing that someone is planning a trick: a mischievous grin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:m2:1
# text = Showing that someone is planning a trick: a mischievous grin.
1	Showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	planning	plan	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	grin	grin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **plan** | present · progressive | someone | a trick |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Meant to cause harm or trouble: a mischievous rumour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:m3:1
# text = Meant to cause harm or trouble: a mischievous rumour.
1	Meant	mean	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	rumour	rumour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | harm or trouble and a mischievous rumour |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition harm=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He that deviseth to do evil, men shall call him a mischievous person. (Writings PRO.24.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He that deviseth to do evil, men shall call him a mischievous person.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x1:1
# text = He that deviseth to do evil, men shall call him a mischievous person.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
3	deviseth	devise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **devise** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | evil |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evil=Eventuality |
| 3 | **call** | shall | men |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.24.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x1:2
# text = (Writings PRO.24.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.24.8	PRO.24.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A evil-doer giveth heed to wicked lips; and a liar giveth ear to a mischievous tongue. (Writings PRO.17.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A evil-doer giveth heed to wicked lips; and a liar giveth ear to a mischievous tongue.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x2:1
# text = A evil-doer giveth heed to wicked lips; and a liar giveth ear to a mischievous tongue.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	doer	doer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	giveth	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	heed	heed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	liar	liar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	giveth	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | a evil doer | heed |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent heed=Recipient lip=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | a liar | ear | a mischievous tongue |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent ear=Theme to tongue=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.17.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x2:2
# text = (Writings PRO.17.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.17.4	PRO.17.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mischievous kitten knocked the cup off the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x3:1
# text = The mischievous kitten knocked the cup off the table.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	kitten	kitten	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	knocked	knock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock** | past | the mischievous kitten | the cup |  |  |  | off the table | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent cup=Patient off table=Co-Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave a mischievous grin and hid my shoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x4:1
# text = He gave a mischievous grin and hid my shoe.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	grin	grin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | a mischievous grin |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grin=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** | past | He *not said here* | my shoe |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little sister is very mischievous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x5:1
# text = My little sister is very mischievous.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My little sister |  |  |  |  | mischievous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mischievous elf swapped everyone's hats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x6:1
# text = The mischievous elf swapped everyone's hats.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	elf	elf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swapped	swap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	hats	hat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swap** | past | the mischievous elf | everyone's hats |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monkeys can be mischievous and steal food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x7:1
# text = Monkeys can be mischievous and steal food.
1	Monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	steal	steal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Monkeys |  |  |  |  | mischievous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **steal** | present | Monkeys *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location food=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a mischievous twinkle in Grandad's eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x8:1
# text = There was a mischievous twinkle in Grandad's eye.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	twinkle	twinkle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a mischievous twinkle in Grandad's eye |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone spread a mischievous rumour about the school closing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mischievous:x9:1
# text = Someone spread a mischievous rumour about the school closing.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rumour	rumour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	closing	closing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | Someone | a mischievous rumour |  |  |  | about the school closing | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rumour=Theme about closing=Destination |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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