---
title: misdeed — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «misdeed» in the Judaism dictionary: A wrong or bad action, especially a crime or a breaking of rules. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# misdeed

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, Thou, pirate, Everyone, misdeeds, boy · **What happens:** do, answer, forgive, take, punish, confess · **To what, where:** LORD God, them, vengeance, king, misdeeds, small misdeeds · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«misdeed» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [misdeed in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/misdeed.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wrong or bad action, especially a crime or a breaking of rules.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:m1:1
# text = A wrong or bad action, especially a crime or a breaking of rules.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	breaking	breaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something naughty or wicked that a person has done.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:m2:1
# text = Something naughty or wicked that a person has done.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	naughty	naughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present · perfect | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
O LORD our God, Thou didst answer them; a forgiving God wast Thou unto them, though Thou tookest vengeance of their misdeeds. (Writings PSA.99.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* O LORD our God, Thou didst answer them; a forgiving God wast Thou unto them, though Thou tookest vengeance of their misdeeds.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:x1:1
# text = O LORD our God, Thou didst answer them; a forgiving God wast Thou unto them, though Thou tookest vengeance of their misdeeds.
1	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	amod	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
7	didst	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	forgiving	forgive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	wast	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
15	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	obj	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nsubj	_	_
21	tookest	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
22	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	misdeeds	misdeed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | Thou | our LORD God *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | infinitive | Thou *not said here* |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality |
| 3 | **forgive** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **take** | past | Thou | vengeance of their misdeeds |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.99.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.99.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.99.8	PSA.99.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king was punished for his misdeeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:x2:1
# text = The king was punished for his misdeeds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	misdeeds	misdeed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | past · passive |  | the king |  |  |  | for king's misdeeds | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for misdeed=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirate confessed his misdeeds before he died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:x3:1
# text = The pirate confessed his misdeeds before he died.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	confessed	confess	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	misdeeds	misdeed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confess** | past | the pirate | pirate's misdeeds |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misdeed=Topic |
| 2 | **die** | past | pirate |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone has small misdeeds they regret.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:x4:1
# text = Everyone has small misdeeds they regret.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	misdeeds	misdeed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	regret	regret	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Everyone | small misdeeds |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misdeed=Patient |
| 2 | **regret** | present | misdeeds *= misdeed* | small misdeeds *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer misdeed=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the boy owns up to his misdeed and says sorry.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:x5:1
# text = In the story, the boy owns up to his misdeed and says sorry.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	owns	own	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	misdeed	misdeed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own up** | present | the boy |  |  | the story |  | to boy's misdeed | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **say** *speech: apologize* | present | the boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newspaper reported the company's misdeeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:x6:1
# text = The newspaper reported the company's misdeeds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reported	report	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	misdeeds	misdeed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | past | the newspaper | the company's misdeeds |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misdeed=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians believe God forgives misdeeds when people are truly sorry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:x7:1
# text = Christians believe God forgives misdeeds when people are truly sorry.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	forgives	forgive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	misdeeds	misdeed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **forgive** | present | God | misdeeds |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misdeed=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | people |  |  |  |  | sorry, truly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The weak are made to suffer for the misdeeds of the powerful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:misdeed:x8:1
# text = The weak are made to suffer for the misdeeds of the powerful.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	suffer	suffer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	misdeeds	misdeed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the weak |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **suffer** | to-infinitive | the weak *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the misdeeds of the powerful | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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