---
title: mournful — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mournful» in the Judaism dictionary: Mournful means full of sorrow or sadness, showing grief. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mournful

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mournful, I, it, you, she, He · **What happens:** mean, show, go about, be, bow down, mourn · **To what, where:** grief, friend, moor

<!-- .vabout -->
«mournful» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mournful in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/mournful.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mournful means full of sorrow or sadness, showing grief.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mournful:m1:1
# text = Mournful means full of sorrow or sadness, showing grief.
1	Mournful	mournful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
10	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Mournful |  |  |  |  | full *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **show** | gerund | Mournful *not said here* | grief |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent grief=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I went about as though it had been my friend or my brother; I bowed down mournful, as one that mourneth for his mother. (Writings PSA.35.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I went about as though it had been my friend or my brother; I bowed down mournful, as one that mourneth for his mother.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mournful:x1:1
# text = I went about as though it had been my friend or my brother; I bowed down mournful, as one that mourneth for his mother.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	advcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
17	down	down	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	mournful	mournful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	obl	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	mourneth	mourn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go about** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past · perfect | it | my friend or my brother |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bow down** | past | I |  |  |  |  | as one; down, mournful *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **mourn** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for his mother | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for mother=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.35.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mournful:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.35.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.35.14	PSA.35.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why are you so mournful? she asks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mournful:x2:1
# text = Why are you so mournful? she asks.
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mournful	mournful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | mournful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He looked very mournful after the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mournful:x3:1
# text = He looked very mournful after the game.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mournful	mournful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | He |  |  |  | after the game | mournful *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mournful wind blew over the moor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mournful:x4:1
# text = A mournful wind blew over the moor.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mournful	mournful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	moor	moor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | a mournful wind |  |  | the moor |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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