---
title: mourning — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mourning» in the Judaism dictionary: Great sadness shown after someone dies. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mourning

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, people, they, Esau, I, children · **What happens:** show, die, e, mourn, form, say · **To what, where:** Great sadness, sadness, form, grandad, mourn, heart · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mourning» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mourning in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/mourning.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Great sadness shown after someone dies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:m1:1
# text = Great sadness shown after someone dies.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	dies	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | participle |  | Great sadness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **die** | present | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The time when people show sadness after a death, often with special customs or black clothes: a period of mourning.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:m2:1
# text = The time when people show sadness after a death, often with special customs or black clothes: a period of mourning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | people | sadness |  |  | after a death; time | with special customs or black clothes and a period of mourning | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sadness=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb form — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
-ing form of «mourn»: they are mourning their grandad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:m3:1
# text = -ing form of «mourn»: they are mourning their grandad.
1	-	-	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ing	e	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	mourn	mourn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **e** | gerund |  | form of mourn |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mourn** | present · progressive | they | their grandad |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer grandad=Stimulus |
| 3 | **form** |  |  | mourn |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Esau said in his heart: 'Let the days of mourning for my father be at hand; then will I slay my brother Jacob.' (Torah GEN.27.41, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Esau said in his heart: 'Let the days of mourning for my father be at hand; then will I slay my brother Jacob.'

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x1:1
# text = And Esau said in his heart: 'Let the days of mourning for my father be at hand; then will I slay my brother Jacob.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Esau	Esau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
17	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
22	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
25	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Esau |  |  | Esau's heart |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | day | for my father | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** | infinitive |  |  |  | hand |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at hand=Location |
| 4 | **slay** | future | I | my brother |  |  | then |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.27.41, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.27.41, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.27.41	GEN.27.41	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the children of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days; so the days of weeping in the mourning for Moses were ended. (Torah DEU.34.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the children of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days; so the days of weeping in the mourning for Moses were ended.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x2:1
# text = And the children of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days; so the days of weeping in the mourning for Moses were ended.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	wept	weep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
14	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	weeping	weeping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	ended	ended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weep** | past | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  | for Moses; in the plains of Moab thirty days | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in plain=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the days of weeping in the mourning for Moses |  |  |  |  | ended *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.34.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.34.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.34.8	DEU.34.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they came to the threshing-floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, and there they wailed with a very great and sore wailing; and he made a mourning for his father seven days. (Torah GEN.50.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And they came to the threshing-floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, and there they wailed with a very great and sore wailing; and he made a mourning for his father seven days.

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x3:1
# text = And they came to the threshing-floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, and there they wailed with a very great and sore wailing; and he made a mourning for his father seven days.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	threshing	threshing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Atad	Atad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	21	expl	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	wailed	wail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
24	very	very	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	_
28	wailing	wailing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	for	for	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	39	nummod	_	_
39	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | they |  |  | the threshing floor of Atad |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to floor=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | Atad |  |  |  |  | beyond the Jordan | tree rules |
| 3 | **wail** | past | they |  |  | there |  | with a great wailing | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with wailing=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | past | Atad | a mourning |  |  | day | for Atad's father | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent mourning=Product for father=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.50.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x3:2
# text = (Torah GEN.50.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.50.10	GEN.50.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why go I mourning under the oppression of the enemy?' (Writings PSA.42.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Why go I mourning under the oppression of the enemy?'

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x4:1
# text = Why go I mourning under the oppression of the enemy?'
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	oppression	oppression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | present | I |  |  | the oppression of the enemy |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **oppress** |  |  | the enemy |  |  |  |  | nom oppression «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.42.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.42.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.42.10	PSA.42.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why go I mourning under the oppression of the enemy? (Writings PSA.43.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Why go I mourning under the oppression of the enemy?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x5:1
# text = Why go I mourning under the oppression of the enemy?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	oppression	oppression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | present | I |  |  | the oppression of the enemy |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **oppress** |  |  | the enemy |  |  |  |  | nom oppression «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.43.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.43.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.43.2	PSA.43.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In those days I Daniel was mourning three whole weeks. (Writings DAN.10.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In those days I Daniel was mourning three whole weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x6:1
# text = In those days I Daniel was mourning three whole weeks.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	Daniel	Daniel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | past · progressive | Daniel |  |  |  | week |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.10.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x6:2
# text = (Writings DAN.10.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.10.2	DAN.10.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole town was in mourning after the accident.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x7:1
# text = The whole town was in mourning after the accident.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the whole town |  |  | mourning | after the accident |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They wore black as a sign of mourning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x8:1
# text = They wore black as a sign of mourning.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | They |  |  |  |  | as a sign of mourning; black *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sign** |  |  | mourning |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country held a day of mourning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x9:1
# text = The country held a day of mourning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the country |  |  |  | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is still mourning her old cat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x10:1
# text = She is still mourning her old cat.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | present · progressive | She | her old cat |  |  | still |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cat=Stimulus |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flags flew at half-mast for mourning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x11:1
# text = The flags flew at half-mast for mourning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flags	flag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	mast	mast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the flags |  |  | half mast |  | for mourning | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at mast=Location |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is natural to feel sad when you are mourning someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x12:1
# text = It is natural to feel sad when you are mourning someone.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | natural *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **mourn** | present · progressive | you | someone |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were quiet out of respect for the mourning family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x13:1
# text = We were quiet out of respect for the mourning family.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | We |  |  | respect for the mourning family |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was great mourning throughout the land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:mourning:x14:1
# text = There was great mourning throughout the land.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	mourning	mourn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past |  |  |  | there |  | great *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mourn** | gerund |  |  |  |  | throughout the land |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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