---
title: nativity — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nativity» in the Judaism dictionary: The Nativity is the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, as told in the Gospels; Christians celebrate it at Christmas. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nativity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Nativity, Christians, nativity play, that, nativity scene, you · **What happens:** be, tell, celebrate, do, mean, arise · **To what, where:** birth, Gospels, Nativity, Christmas, play, school · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«nativity» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nativity in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/nativity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church, Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Nativity is the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, as told in the Gospels; Christians celebrate it at Christmas.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:m1:1
# text = The Nativity is the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, as told in the Gospels; Christians celebrate it at Christmas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Nativity	Nativity	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Bethlehem	Bethlehem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Gospels	Gospel	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Nativity | the birth |  |  |  | of Jesus in Bethlehem | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | participle |  | the birth *not said here* |  | the Gospels |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **celebrate** | present | Christians | Nativity |  | Christmas |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A nativity play is a play, often done by children at school or church, that tells the Christmas story.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:m2:1
# text = A nativity play is a play, often done by children at school or church, that tells the Christmas story.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a nativity play | a play |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | participle |  | a play *not said here* |  | school or church |  | by children; often *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | that | the Christmas story |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A nativity scene is a model or picture of the stable with Mary, Joseph, baby Jesus, shepherds, wise men and animals.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:m3:1
# text = A nativity scene is a model or picture of the stable with Mary, Joseph, baby Jesus, shepherds, wise men and animals.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	scene	scene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stable	stable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Mary	Mary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
18	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	appos	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a nativity scene | a model or picture of the stable with Mary and Joseph and baby and shepherds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nativity can mean anyone's birth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:m4:1
# text = Nativity can mean anyone's birth.
1	Nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Nativity | anyone's birth |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent birth=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now arise, get thee out from this land, and return unto the land of thy nativity.' (Torah GEN.31.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Now arise, get thee out from this land, and return unto the land of thy nativity.'

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x1:1
# text = Now arise, get thee out from this land, and return unto the land of thy nativity.'
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	arise	arise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	return	return	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | now |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **get out** | infinitive | you *not said here* | thee |  | this land |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **return** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the land of thy nativity | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.31.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.31.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.31.13	GEN.31.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Haran died in the presence of his father Terah in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees. (Torah GEN.11.28, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Haran died in the presence of his father Terah in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x2:1
# text = And Haran died in the presence of his father Terah in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Haran	Haran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	Terah	Terah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Ur	Ur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Chaldees	Chaldee	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | Haran |  |  |  |  | in the land of Haran's nativity; in Ur of the Chaldees; in the presence of Haran's father | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in presence=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.11.28, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.11.28, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.11.28	GEN.11.28	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and say: Thus saith the Lord GOD unto Jerusalem: Thine origin and thy nativity is of the land of the Canaanite; the Amorite was thy father, and thy mother was a Hittite. (Prophets EZK.16.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* and say: Thus saith the Lord GOD unto Jerusalem: Thine origin and thy nativity is of the land of the Canaanite; the Amorite was thy father, and thy mother was a Hittite.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x3:1
# text = and say: Thus saith the Lord GOD unto Jerusalem: Thine origin and thy nativity is of the land of the Canaanite; the Amorite was thy father, and thy mother was a Hittite.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
12	Thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Canaanite	canaanite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Amorite	amorite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
32	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
34	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	Hittite	hittite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | the Lord GOD |  |  |  | unto Jerusalem; thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent god=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | present | Thine origin and thy nativity |  |  |  |  | of the land; of the Canaanite | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | past | the Amorite | thy father and a Hittite |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | past | thy mother | a Hittite |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.16.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x3:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.16.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.16.3	EZK.16.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water for cleansing; thou was not salted at all, nor swaddled at all. (Prophets EZK.16.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water for cleansing; thou was not salted at all, nor swaddled at all.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x4:1
# text = And as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water for cleansing; thou was not salted at all, nor swaddled at all.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	as	as	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
10	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	wast	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	navel	navel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	20	cc:preconj	_	_
20	wast	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
21	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	obj	_	_
22	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
25	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	cleansing	cleanse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	31	advmod	_	_
31	salted	salt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	_
32	at	at	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	36	cc	_	_
36	swaddled	swaddle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	conj	_	_
37	at	at	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive | the day *not said here* | thou |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **cut** | past · passive |  | thy navel |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **wash** | participle |  |  |  | water |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cleanse** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn groom-41.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **salt** | past · passive |  | thou |  | all |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
| 6 | **swaddle** | participle |  |  |  | all |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.16.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x4:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.16.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.16.4	EZK.16.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
girded with girdles upon their loins, with pendant turbans upon their heads, all of them captains to look upon, the likeness of the sons of Babylon, even of Chaldea, the land of their nativity. (Prophets EZK.23.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* girded with girdles upon their loins, with pendant turbans upon their heads, all of them captains to look upon, the likeness of the sons of Babylon, even of Chaldea, the land of their nativity.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x5:1
# text = girded with girdles upon their loins, with pendant turbans upon their heads, all of them captains to look upon, the likeness of the sons of Babylon, even of Chaldea, the land of their nativity.
1	girded	gird	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	girdles	girdle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	loins	loin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	pendant	pendant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	turbans	turban	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nmod	_	_
18	captains	captain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	likeness	likeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	even	even	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Chaldea	Chaldea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	appos	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gird** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with girdles; upon girdles's loins and pendant turbans upon turbans's heads and the likeness of the sons of Babylon and Chaldea | tree rules |
| 2 | **captain** | present | all |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | to-infinitive | all *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.23.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x5:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.23.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.23.15	EZK.23.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I was a shepherd in our school nativity play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x6:1
# text = I was a shepherd in our school nativity play.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | I | a shepherd |  | our nativity play |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom play «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nativity scene showed baby Jesus lying in a manger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x7:1
# text = The nativity scene showed baby Jesus lying in a manger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	scene	scene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
7	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	manger	manger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the nativity scene | baby |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent baby=Recipient |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | baby *not said here* |  |  | a manger |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in manger=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Nativity is told in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x8:1
# text = The Nativity is told in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Nativity	Nativity	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Gospels	Gospel	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Matthew	Matthew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Luke	Luke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | the Nativity |  | the Gospels of Matthew and Luke |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother was a sheep in the nativity and forgot to say «baa».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x9:1
# text = My little brother was a sheep in the nativity and forgot to say «baa».
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	baa	baa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My little brother | a sheep |  | the nativity |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **forget** | past | My little brother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | My little brother *not said here* | baa |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent baa=Topic |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Families came to watch the children's nativity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x10:1
# text = Families came to watch the children's nativity.
1	Families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Families |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive | Families *not said here* | the children's nativity |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nativity=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The painting shows the Nativity with angels above the stable.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nativity:x11:1
# text = The painting shows the Nativity with angels above the stable.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	angels	angel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	above	above	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stable	stable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the painting | the Nativity |  |  |  | with angels above the stable | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent nativity=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [native](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/N/native/)
- next →: [natural](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/N/natural/)
- ↑ back to [N in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/N/)