---
title: nb — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nb» in the Judaism dictionary: The letters "nb" are a fragment of damaged scanned text, and the passage around them is Hebrew letters read wrongly. In other writing "NB" means "note well". Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nb

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** letters, passage · **What happens:** be, damage, scan, mean, note, grave · **To what, where:** fragment, other writing, nna ni2isn hpa, mDipD, moutli · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«nb» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nb in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/nb.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The letters "nb" are a fragment of damaged scanned text, and the passage around them is Hebrew letters read wrongly. In other writing "NB" means "note well".

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The letters "nb" are a fragment of damaged scanned text, and the passage around them is Hebrew letters read wrongly.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nb:m1:1
# text = The letters "nb" are a fragment of damaged scanned text, and the passage around them is Hebrew letters read wrongly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	nb	nb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fragment	fragment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
11	scanned	scan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
17	around	around	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nmod	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
23	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the letters | a fragment |  |  |  | of damaged scanned text | tree rules |
| 2 | **damage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **scan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | the passage around letters | a fragment *not said here* |  |  |  | read, wrongly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* In other writing "NB" means "note well".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nb:m1:2
# text = In other writing "NB" means "note well".
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	NB	nb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	note	note	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
10	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | other writing and NB |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **note** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
nB3 mynp nna ni2isn hpa graved by the voice, hewn out :mDipD nti-ens in the air, and fixed in the moutli in five places. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* nB3 mynp nna ni2isn hpa graved by the voice, hewn out :mDipD nti-ens in the air, and fixed in the moutli in five places.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nb:x1:1
# text = nB3 mynp nna ni2isn hpa graved by the voice, hewn out :mDipD nti-ens in the air, and fixed in the moutli in five places.
1	nB3	nB3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	mynp	mynp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	nna	nna	X	FW	_	5	compound	_	_
4	ni2isn	ni2isn	X	FW	_	5	compound	_	_
5	hpa	hpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	graved	grave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	hewn	hewn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	mDipD	mdipd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
15	nti	nti	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	14	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	ens	en	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	moutli	moutli	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grave** | participle |  | nna ni2isn hpa and mDipD and ens in the air *not said here* |  |  |  | by the voice | tree rules |
| 2 | **hewn out** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fix** | participle |  | mDipD and ens in the air *not said here* |  | the moutli |  | in five places | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:nb:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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