---
title: ne — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ne» in the Judaism dictionary: «Ne» is the first half of the French way to say «not»: «je ne sais pas» is «I don't know»; the word goes before the verb and «pas» goes after it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ne

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ne, sais, word, It, French ne, opinions · **What happens:** be, say, not be, go, mean, sound · **To what, where:** first half, verb, north east, English word, own, Modern writers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ne» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ne in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/ne.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ne» is the first half of the French way to say «not»: «je ne sais pas» is «I don't know»; the word goes before the verb and «pas» goes after it.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:m1:1
# text = «Ne» is the first half of the French way to say «not»: «je ne sais pas» is «I don't know»; the word goes before the verb and «pas» goes after it.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ne	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	acl	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	je	je	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	21	nsubj	_	_
20	ne	ne	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	19	flat:foreign	_	_
21	sais	sai	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
22	pas	pas	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
27	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
29	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
34	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
35	before	before	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
39	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	pas	pa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	37	punct	_	_
42	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	parataxis	_	_
43	after	after	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ne | the first half |  |  |  | of the French way | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | Ne *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent not=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | present · do-support | sais |  |  |  |  | know *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | present | the word |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **go** | present |  |  |  | the verb and pas | after word |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before verb=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«NE» means north-east, the direction halfway between north and east, as on a compass or a map.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:m2:1
# text = «NE» means north-east, the direction halfway between north and east, as on a compass or a map.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	NE	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	halfway	halfway	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	north	north	ADV	RB	_	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	east	east	ADV	RB	_	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	compass	compass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | NE | north east and the direction |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent east=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is not an English word on its own; French «ne» sounds like «nuh».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:m3:1
# text = It is not an English word on its own; French «ne» sounds like «nuh».
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	ne	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	nuh	nuh	INTJ	UH	_	15	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | It | a English word |  | word's own |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | present | French ne |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Russian, «ne» also means «not», and it goes before the verb.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:m4:1
# text = In Russian, «ne» also means «not», and it goes before the verb.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Russian	Russian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ne	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
16	before	before	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | ne |  |  |  |  | in Russian | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot not=Theme in russian=Attribute |
| 2 | **go** | present | ne |  |  | the verb |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before verb=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hinc jam rebus Israel inclinatis ne deficeret per sapientes Hierusalem arcanis et (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x1:1
# text = Hinc jam rebus Israel inclinatis ne deficeret per sapientes Hierusalem arcanis et (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	Hinc	Hinc	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	rebus	rebus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
5	inclinatis	inclinatis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	ne	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	deficeret	deficeret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	per	per	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sapientes	sapiente	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	Hierusalem	Hierusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	arcanis	arcanis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	et	ET	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
15	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hinc jam rebus Israel inclinatis ne deficeret per sapientes Hierusalem arcanis et \[p. 12\] profundissimis sensibus literis commendatus." Johannes Pistorius. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Hinc jam rebus Israel inclinatis ne deficeret per sapientes Hierusalem arcanis et \[p. 12\] profundissimis sensibus literis commendatus."

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x2:1
# text = Hinc jam rebus Israel inclinatis ne deficeret per sapientes Hierusalem arcanis et [p. 12] profundissimis sensibus literis commendatus."
1	Hinc	Hinc	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	rebus	rebus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
5	inclinatis	inclinatis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	ne	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	deficeret	deficeret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	per	per	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sapientes	sapiente	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	Hierusalem	Hierusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
11	arcanis	arcanis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
12	et	et	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	p.	P.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
17	profundissimis	profundissimis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	sensibus	sensibus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	literis	literis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	commendatus	commendatus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Johannes Pistorius.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x2:2
# text = Johannes Pistorius.
1	Johannes	Johannes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Pistorius	Pistorius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x2:3
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Modern writers are also divided in their opinions concer- ning the age of the Sefer Yetzirah. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Modern writers are also divided in their opinions concer- ning the age of the Sefer Yetzirah.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x3:1
# text = Modern writers are also divided in their opinions concer- ning the age of the Sefer Yetzirah.
1	Modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	divided	divide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	opinions	opinion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	concer	concer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	_
11	ning	n	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **divide** | present · passive |  | Modern writers |  | writers's opinions |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **n** | gerund | writers's opinions *not said here* | the age of the Sefer Yetzirah |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **opine** |  | writers *= writer* |  |  |  |  |  | nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x3:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Je ne parle pas allemand» means «I don't speak German».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x4:1
# text = «Je ne parle pas allemand» means «I don't speak German».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Je	Je	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	4	nsubj	_	_
3	ne	ne	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	4	advmod	_	_
4	parle	parle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	csubj	_	_
5	pas	pa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	allemand	allemand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
14	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **parle** *in a quote* | infinitive | Je | pas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present · do-support | I | German |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Il ne mange jamais de viande» means «he never eats meat».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x5:1
# text = «Il ne mange jamais de viande» means «he never eats meat».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Il	Il	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	ne	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	mange	mange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:desc	_	_
5	jamais	jamais	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	9	nsubj	_	_
6	de	de	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	5	flat	_	_
7	viande	viande	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	5	flat:foreign	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
14	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | jamais  Il ne mange |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **eat** *in a quote* | present | he | meat |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In fast French, people often leave out «ne».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x6:1
# text = In fast French, people often leave out «ne».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ne	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave out** | present | people | ne |  | fast French |  | often *property* | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ne=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before a vowel, «ne» becomes «n'»: «je n'aime pas».

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x7:1
# text = Before a vowel, «ne» becomes «n'»: «je n'aime pas».
1	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ne	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n	n	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	je	je	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	17	flat:foreign	_	_
16	n'aime	n'aime	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	17	flat:foreign	_	_
17	pas	pas	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | ne | n |  |  | before a vowel |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The map showed the town to the NE of the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x8:1
# text = The map showed the town to the NE of the lake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	NE	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the map | the town | the NE of the lake |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent town=Topic to ne=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A compass has N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W and NW.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x9:1
# text = A compass has N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W and NW.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	compass	compass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	N	N	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	NE	NE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	E	E	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	SE	SE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	S	S	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	SW	SW	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	W	W	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	NW	NW	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a compass | N and NE and SE and S and SW and W and NW |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent n=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
French «ne» sounds like «nuh».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ne:x10:1
# text = French «ne» sounds like «nuh».
1	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ne	ne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	nuh	nuh	INTJ	UH	_	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | French |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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