---
title: oath — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «oath» in the Judaism dictionary: An oath is a serious promise, often in front of others or in a court, that you will tell the truth or do something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# oath

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** oath, you, witness, I, woman, vow · **What happens:** be, tell, do, mean, have, promise · **To what, where:** serious promise, front, truth, something, oath, court · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«oath» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [oath in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/oath.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An oath is a serious promise, often in front of others or in a court, that you will tell the truth or do something.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:m1:1
# text = An oath is a serious promise, often in front of others or in a court, that you will tell the truth or do something.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
26	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a oath | a serious promise |  | front of others or a court |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | future | you | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"the witness took an oath".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:m1e:1
# text = "the witness took an oath".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *in a quote* | past | the witness | a oath |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oath=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Under oath means having promised in a court to tell the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:m2:1
# text = Under oath means having promised in a court to tell the truth.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	ccomp	_	_
5	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | oath |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **promise** *speech: promise* | participle |  |  |  | a court |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An oath is a swear word or curse said in anger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:m3:1
# text = An oath is a swear word or curse said in anger.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	swear	swear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	curse	curse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a oath | a swear word or curse |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  | curse *not said here* |  | anger |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in anger=Manner |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither with you only do I make this covenant and this oath; (Torah DEU.29.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x1:1
# text = Neither with you only do I make this covenant and this oath; (Torah DEU.29.14, JPS 1917)
1	Neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	DEU.29.14	DEU.29.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · do-support | I | this covenant and this oath |  |  |  | Torah DEU.29.14 and JPS *obl*; neither *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covenant=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And if a woman vowed in her husband's house, or bound her soul by a bond with an oath, (Torah NUM.30.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x2:1
# text = And if a woman vowed in her husband's house, or bound her soul by a bond with an oath, (Torah NUM.30.10, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	vowed	vow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	bound	bound	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bond	bond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	NUM.30.10	NUM.30.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod:unmarked	_	_
28	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vow** | past | a woman | Torah NUM.30.10 |  | woman's husband's house |  | bound woman's soul by a bond with a oath | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may let it stand, or her husband may make it void. (Torah NUM.30.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may let it stand, or her husband may make it void.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x3:1
# text = Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may let it stand, or her husband may make it void.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	vow	vow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	binding	bind	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	void	void	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bind** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **afflict** | to-infinitive | every vow | the soul |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus soul=Experiencer |
| 3 | **let** | may | oath's husband | soul |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **stand** | infinitive | soul *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **make** | may | oath's husband | soul |  |  |  | void *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.30.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x3:2
# text = (Torah NUM.30.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.30.13	NUM.30.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The covenant which He made with Abraham, and His oath unto Isaac; (Writings 1CH.16.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x4:1
# text = The covenant which He made with Abraham, and His oath unto Isaac; (Writings 1CH.16.16, JPS 1917)
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Abraham	Abraham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Isaac	Isaac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	_
17	1CH.16.16	1CH.16.16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod:unmarked	_	_
20	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the covenant | Abraham's oath unto Isaac |  |  |  | with Abraham | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I counsel thee: keep the king's command, and that in regard of the oath of God. (Writings ECC.8.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I counsel thee: keep the king's command, and that in regard of the oath of God.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x5:1
# text = I counsel thee: keep the king's command, and that in regard of the oath of God.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	counsel	counsel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	regard	regard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **counsel** *speech: other* | present | I | thee |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive | I *not said here* | the king's command |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent command=Theme |
| 3 | **command** |  | the king |  |  |  |  |  | nom command «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **regard** |  |  | the oath of God |  |  |  |  | nom regard «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings ECC.8.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x5:2
# text = (Writings ECC.8.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ECC.8.2	ECC.8.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with?' (Prophets 1KI.2.43, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with?'

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x6:1
# text = Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with?'
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	hast	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
4	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	commandment	commandment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	charged	charge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
20	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	iobj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **keep** | past | thou | the oath of the LORD |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oath=Theme |
| 3 | **charge** | present · perfect · passive |  | the commandment | thee |  |  |  | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP NP.asset»: subject=Recipient thou=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1KI.2.43, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x6:2
# text = (Prophets 1KI.2.43, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1KI.2.43	1KI.2.43	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight swore an oath to protect the queen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x7:1
# text = The knight swore an oath to protect the queen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | the knight | a oath |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent oath=Eventuality |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | the knight *not said here* |  | the queen |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent queen=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witness took an oath to tell the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x8:1
# text = The witness took an oath to tell the truth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the witness | a oath |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oath=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the witness *not said here* | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lying under oath is a crime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x9:1
# text = Lying under oath is a crime.
1	Lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | gerund |  |  |  | oath |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under oath=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Lying | a crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New doctors take an oath to care for patients.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x10:1
# text = New doctors take an oath to care for patients.
1	New	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	care	care	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	patients	patient	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | New doctors | a oath |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oath=Theme |
| 2 | **care** | to-infinitive | New doctors *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for patients | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for patient=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Blast!" — the old sailor let out an oath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x11:1
# text = "Blast!" — the old sailor let out an oath.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Blast	blast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sailor	sailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
9	let	let	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let out** | participle | the old sailor *not said here* | a oath |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oath=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The friends swore an oath never to tell the secret.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oath:x12:1
# text = The friends swore an oath never to tell the secret.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | the friends | a oath |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent oath=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the friends *not said here* | the secret |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent secret=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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