---
title: observe — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «observe» in the Judaism dictionary: To observe is to watch something carefully to learn about it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# observe

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, LORD, ye, I, That, We · **What happens:** observe, be, learn, mean, notice, see · **To what, where:** something, rule, it, thee, thing, statutes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«observe» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [observe in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/observe.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To observe is to watch something carefully to learn about it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:m1:1
# text = To observe is to watch something carefully to learn about it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | carefully, watch *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **learn** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | about it | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To observe can mean to notice or see something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:m2:1
# text = To observe can mean to notice or see something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	notice	notice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **notice** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **see** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To observe a rule or law is to obey it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:m3:1
# text = To observe a rule or law is to obey it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	obey	obey	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | to-infinitive |  | a rule or law |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent rule=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | obey *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To observe a special day is to keep or celebrate it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:m4:1
# text = To observe a special day is to keep or celebrate it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | day |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | keep *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **celebrate** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To observe can mean to say or remark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:m5:1
# text = To observe can mean to say or remark.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	remark	remark	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **remark** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy, as the LORD thy God commanded thee. (Torah DEU.5.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy, as the LORD thy God commanded thee.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x1:1
# text = Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy, as the LORD thy God commanded thee.
1	Observe	observe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	sabbath	sabbath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
16	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
17	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | holy *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **command** | past | the LORD | thee |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent thou=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.5.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.5.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.5.12	DEU.5.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever. (Torah EXO.12.24, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x2:1
# text = And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	TO	_	11	case	_	_
11	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | shall | ye | this thing |  |  |  | for a ordinance to thee | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent thing=Location for ordinance=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.12.24, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.12.24, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.12.24	EXO.12.24	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And ye shall observe all My statutes, and all Mine ordinances, and do them: I am the LORD. (Torah LEV.19.37, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And ye shall observe all My statutes, and all Mine ordinances, and do them: I am the LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x3:1
# text = And ye shall observe all My statutes, and all Mine ordinances, and do them: I am the LORD.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	statutes	statute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
11	Mine	mine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | shall | ye | My statutes and all Mine ordinances |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent statute=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | infinitive | ye *not said here* | statutes *= statute* |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is a** | present | I | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.19.37, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x3:2
# text = (Torah LEV.19.37, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.19.37	LEV.19.37	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That they might keep His statutes, and observe His laws. (Writings PSA.105.45, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* That they might keep His statutes, and observe His laws.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x4:1
# text = That they might keep His statutes, and observe His laws.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	statutes	statute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | might | That | His statutes |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statute=Theme |
| 2 | **observe** | infinitive | That *not said here* | His laws |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent law=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.105.45, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.105.45, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.105.45	PSA.105.45	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oh that my ways were directed to observe Thy statutes! (Writings PSA.119.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Oh that my ways were directed to observe Thy statutes!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x5:1
# text = Oh that my ways were directed to observe Thy statutes!
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	directed	direct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	statutes	statute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **direct** | past · passive |  | my ways |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **observe** | to-infinitive |  | Thy statutes |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent statute=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.119.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.119.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.119.5	PSA.119.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I will observe Thy statutes; O forsake me not utterly. (Writings PSA.119.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I will observe Thy statutes; O forsake me not utterly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x6:1
# text = I will observe Thy statutes; O forsake me not utterly.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	statutes	statute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	O	o	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	forsake	forsake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
11	utterly	utterly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | future | I | Thy statutes |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent statute=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **forsake** | infinitive | I *not said here* | me |  |  |  | utterly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.119.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.119.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.119.8	PSA.119.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We observed the caterpillar every day for two weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x7:1
# text = We observed the caterpillar every day for two weeks.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	observed	observe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	caterpillar	caterpillar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | past | We | the caterpillar |  |  | day; week |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent caterpillar=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Observe what happens when you add vinegar to the baking soda.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x8:1
# text = Observe what happens when you add vinegar to the baking soda.
1	Observe	observe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	baking	baking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	soda	soda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **happen** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | you | vinegar |  |  |  | to the baking soda | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent vinegar=Patient to soda=Co-Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Did you observe anything strange?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x9:1
# text = Did you observe anything strange?
1	Did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | past · do-support | you | anything |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent anything=Topic |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drivers must observe the speed limit near schools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x10:1
# text = Drivers must observe the speed limit near schools.
1	Drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	limit	limit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | must | Drivers | the speed limit |  | schools |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent limit=Topic |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole school observed a minute's silence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x11:1
# text = The whole school observed a minute's silence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	observed	observe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | past | the whole school | a minute's silence |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent silence=Topic |
| 2 | **silence** |  | a minute |  |  |  |  |  | nom silence «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«It looks like rain,» she observed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x12:1
# text = «It looks like rain,» she observed.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	observed	observe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** *in a quote* | present | It |  |  |  |  | like rain | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **observe** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astronomers observe the stars through telescopes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x13:1
# text = Astronomers observe the stars through telescopes.
1	Astronomers	astronomer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	observe	observe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	telescopes	telescope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | present | Astronomers | the stars |  | telescopes |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent star=Topic |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write down everything you observe in your science book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x14:1
# text = Write down everything you observe in your science book.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	down	down	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	1	obj	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	observe	observe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write down** | imperative | you *not said here* | everything |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Theme |
| 2 | **observe** | present | you |  |  | your science book |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lamp burnt out, but he did not observe it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:observe:x15:1
# text = The lamp burnt out, but he did not observe it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnt out** | participle | the lamp |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **observe** | past · do-support | lamp | it |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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