---
title: odious — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «odious» in the Judaism dictionary: Odious means very unpleasant, hateful, so that people cannot bear it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# odious

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Odious, people, person, that, Israel, Saul · **What happens:** mean, not bear, describe, be, marry, hear · **To what, where:** it, person, woman, heir, garrison, Israel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«odious» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [odious in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/odious.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Odious means very unpleasant, hateful, so that people cannot bear it.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:odious:m1:1
# text = Odious means very unpleasant, hateful, so that people cannot bear it.
1	Odious	odious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	hateful	hateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Odious |  |  |  |  | unpleasant *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **bear** | can | people | it |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Odious describes a person who is spiteful and unkind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:odious:m2:1
# text = Odious describes a person who is spiteful and unkind.
1	Odious	odious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	spiteful	spiteful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Odious | a person |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent person=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | spiteful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For an odious woman when she is married; and a handmaid that is heir to her mistress. (Writings PRO.30.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For an odious woman when she is married; and a handmaid that is heir to her mistress.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:odious:x1:1
# text = For an odious woman when she is married; and a handmaid that is heir to her mistress.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	odious	odious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	handmaid	handmaid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	heir	heir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	mistress	mistress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **marry** | present · passive |  | woman |  |  |  | for a odious woman; a handmaid and heir *obl* | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | that | heir |  |  |  | to woman's mistress | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.30.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:odious:x1:2
# text = (Writings PRO.30.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.30.23	PRO.30.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten the garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel also had made himself odious with the Philistines. (Prophets 1SA.13.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten the garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel also had made himself odious with the Philistines.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:odious:x2:1
# text = And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten the garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel also had made himself odious with the Philistines.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	garrison	garrison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Philistines	Philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	also	also	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
22	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	21	obj	_	_
23	odious	odious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Philistines	Philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | all Israel |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **smite** | past · perfect | Saul | the garrison of the Philistines |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus garrison=Experiencer |
| 4 | **make** | past · perfect · passive |  | Israel |  |  |  | odious *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary himself=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1SA.13.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:odious:x2:2
# text = (Prophets 1SA.13.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1SA.13.4	1SA.13.4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The odious stepsisters laughed at Cinderella.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:odious:x3:1
# text = The odious stepsisters laughed at Cinderella.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	odious	odious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stepsisters	stepsister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Cinderella	Cinderella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | the odious stepsisters |  |  | Cinderella |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His rude remarks were odious.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:odious:x4:1
# text = His rude remarks were odious.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	remarks	remark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	odious	odious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His rude remarks |  |  |  |  | odious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **remark** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom remark «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The queen's odious plan hurt many people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:odious:x5:1
# text = The queen's odious plan hurt many people.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	odious	odious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | past | the queen's odious plan | many people |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Patient |
| 2 | **plan** |  | the queen |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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