---
title: offspring — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «offspring» in the Judaism dictionary: Offspring are the young of an animal or plant: its babies or seeds. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# offspring

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Offspring, Many offspring, Covenant, their, it, Thou · **What happens:** be, come, explain, make, establish, sight · **To what, where:** young, children, latter three, it, chapter, outward sign · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«offspring» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [offspring in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/offspring.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Offspring are the young of an animal or plant: its babies or seeds.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:m1:1
# text = Offspring are the young of an animal or plant: its babies or seeds.
1	Offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Offspring | the young and Offspring's babies or seeds |  |  |  | of a animal or plant | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal or jokey — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person's offspring are their children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:m2:1
# text = A person's offspring are their children.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a person's offspring | their children |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many offspring or derivations came from the latter three, as their progenitors, as it is explained afterwards in the chapter. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Many offspring or derivations came from the latter three, as their progenitors, as it is explained afterwards in the chapter.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x1:1
# text = Many offspring or derivations came from the latter three, as their progenitors, as it is explained afterwards in the chapter.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	derivations	derivation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	progenitors	progenitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	explained	explain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
19	afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Many offspring or derivations |  |  | the latter three |  | as offspring's progenitors | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from three=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | it |  | the chapter |  | afterwards *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Covenant of Circumcision was to be an outward and visible sign of the Divine promise made to Abraham and his offspring. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Covenant of Circumcision was to be an outward and visible sign of the Divine promise made to Abraham and his offspring.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x2:1
# text = The Covenant of Circumcision was to be an outward and visible sign of the Divine promise made to Abraham and his offspring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Covenant	Covenant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Circumcision	Circumcision	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	outward	outward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Divine	divine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Abraham	Abraham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Covenant of Circumcision | a outward sign |  |  |  | of the Divine promise | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | the Divine promise *not said here* | Abraham and Circumcision's offspring |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes. (Writings JOB.21.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x3:1
# text = Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	before	before	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | present · passive |  | Their seed |  | their sight with them |  | their offspring before their eyes *obl* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **sight** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  | with them *= they* | nom sight «cognition transitive»: poss=agent with=obl |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.21.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x3:2
# text = (Writings JOB.21.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.21.8	JOB.21.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If his children be multiplied, it is for the sword; and his offspring shall not have bread enough. (Writings JOB.27.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* If his children be multiplied, it is for the sword; and his offspring shall not have bread enough.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x4:1
# text = If his children be multiplied, it is for the sword; and his offspring shall not have bread enough.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	multiplied	multiply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
19	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **multiply** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive · passive |  | his children |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | for the sword | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **have** | shall | his offspring | bread |  |  |  | enough *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.27.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.27.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.27.14	JOB.27.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt know also that thy seed shall be great, and thine offspring as the grass of the earth. (Writings JOB.5.25, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou shalt know also that thy seed shall be great, and thine offspring as the grass of the earth.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x5:1
# text = Thou shalt know also that thy seed shall be great, and thine offspring as the grass of the earth.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | shall | Thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | shall | thy seed |  |  |  |  | great *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.5.25, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x5:2
# text = (Writings JOB.5.25, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.5.25	JOB.5.25	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cat may have four offspring in one litter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x6:1
# text = A cat may have four offspring in one litter.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | may | a cat | four offspring |  | one litter |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frogs lay many eggs, and only some offspring survive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x7:1
# text = Frogs lay many eggs, and only some offspring survive.
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	survive	survive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Frogs | many eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |
| 2 | **survive** | present | some offspring |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Offspring often look like their parents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x8:1
# text = Offspring often look like their parents.
1	Offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present |  | Offspring |  |  |  | like their parents; often *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants make seeds that grow into offspring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x9:1
# text = Plants make seeds that grow into offspring.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Plants | seeds |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset seed=Product |
| 2 | **grow** | present | seeds |  |  |  |  | into offspring *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into offspring=Result |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lion protects her offspring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x10:1
# text = The lion protects her offspring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | the lion | lion's offspring |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Beneficiary |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(jokey) Dad said, «Feed your offspring, they're hungry!»

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x11:1
# text = (jokey) Dad said, «Feed your offspring, they're hungry!»
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	jokey	jokey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: express* | past | jokey Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **feed** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | your offspring |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | they |  |  |  |  | hungry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rabbits produce a lot of offspring each year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x12:1
# text = Rabbits produce a lot of offspring each year.
1	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	produce	produce	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | present | Rabbits | a lot of offspring |  |  | year |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Result |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many offspring did the pair of birds raise?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x13:1
# text = How many offspring did the pair of birds raise?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	raise	raise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | many offspring | the pair |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Eventuality |
| 2 | **raise** | present | birds | the pair *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Theme |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We frequently find mention of Tritons who are either the offspring or kindred of Triton.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:offspring:x14:1
# text = We frequently find mention of Tritons who are either the offspring or kindred of Triton.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	mention	mention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Tritons	Triton	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc:preconj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	kindred	kindred	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Triton	Triton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | We | mention of Tritons |  |  |  | frequently *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mention=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Tritons | the offspring or kindred of Triton |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mention** |  |  | Tritons |  |  |  |  | nom mention «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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