---
title: oft — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «oft» in the Judaism dictionary: Oft means often, many times. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/O/oft/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [O](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/O/) / oft

# oft

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Oft, they, it, he, calamity, We · **What happens:** mean, use, sound, rebel, grieve, be · **To what, where:** Oft, poems, wilderness, Him, desert, bread

<!-- .vabout -->
«oft» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [oft in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/oft.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oft means often, many times.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:m1:1
# text = Oft means often, many times.
1	Oft	oft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Oft |  |  |  | time | often *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oft is used in poems and fairy tales to sound old-fashioned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:m2:1
# text = Oft is used in poems and fairy tales to sound old-fashioned.
1	Oft	Oft	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Oft |  | poems and fairy tales |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **sound** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | fashioned *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How oft did they rebel against Him in the wilderness, and grieve Him in the desert! (Writings PSA.78.40, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How oft did they rebel against Him in the wilderness, and grieve Him in the desert!

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:x1:1
# text = How oft did they rebel against Him in the wilderness, and grieve Him in the desert!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	oft	oft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	rebel	rebel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	grieve	grieve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rebel** | past · do-support | they |  |  | the wilderness |  | against Him *= he* | vn rebel-71.2-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against he=Maleficiary |
| 2 | **grieve** | infinitive | they *not said here* | Him *= he* |  | the desert |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.78.40, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.78.40, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.78.40	PSA.78.40	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And so it was, that as oft as he passed by, he turned in thither to eat bread. (Prophets 2KI.4.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And so it was, that as oft as he passed by, he turned in thither to eat bread.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:x2:1
# text = And so it was, that as oft as he passed by, he turned in thither to eat bread.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
7	as	as	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	oft	oft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	15	obl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
20	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | it |  |  |  |  | oft *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass by** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **turn** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **eat** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | bread |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2KI.4.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:x2:2
# text = (Prophets 2KI.4.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2KI.4.8	2KI.4.8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How oft is it that the lamp of the wicked is put out? that their calamity cometh upon them? that He distributeth pains in His anger? (Writings JOB.21.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How oft is it that the lamp of the wicked is put out? that their calamity cometh upon them? that He distributeth pains in His anger?

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:x3:1
# text = How oft is it that the lamp of the wicked is put out? that their calamity cometh upon them? that He distributeth pains in His anger?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	oft	oft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	distributeth	distribute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
25	pains	pain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | oft *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **put out** | present · passive |  | oft |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |
| 3 | **come** | present | their calamity |  |  |  |  | upon them *= they* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Location |
| 4 | **distribute** | present | calamity | pains |  | calamity's anger |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |
| 5 | **anger** |  | calamity |  |  |  |  |  | nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.21.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:x3:2
# text = (Writings JOB.21.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.21.17	JOB.21.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oft asked I for this boon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:x4:1
# text = Oft asked I for this boon.
1	Oft	Oft	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	boon	boon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Oft |  |  |  |  | for this boon | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kittens oft gripped at the spindle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:x5:1
# text = The kittens oft gripped at the spindle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kittens	kitten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	oft	oft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	gripped	grip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spindle	spindle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grip** | participle · passive |  | the kittens |  | the spindle |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We oft went to the river in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:oft:x6:1
# text = We oft went to the river in summer.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	oft	oft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  | the river | summer |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to river=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [offspring](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/O/offspring/)
- next →: [often](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/O/often/)
- ↑ back to [O in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/O/)