---
title: outskirts — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «outskirts» in the Judaism dictionary: The outskirts of a town or city are the parts at its edge, furthest from the centre. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# outskirts

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** outskirts, We, big supermarket, spooky old house, airport, Farms · **What happens:** be, hear, live, stand, begin, end · **To what, where:** parts, edge, whisper, outskirts, Iron, trees · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«outskirts» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [outskirts in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/outskirts.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The outskirts of a town or city are the parts at its edge, furthest from the centre.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:outskirts:m1:1
# text = The outskirts of a town or city are the parts at its edge, furthest from the centre.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	furthest	furth	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	appos	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the outskirts of a town or city | the parts |  | city's edge |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lo, these are but the outskirts of His ways; and how small a whisper is heard of Him! (Writings JOB.26.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Lo, these are but the outskirts of His ways; and how small a whisper is heard of Him!

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:outskirts:x1:1
# text = Lo, these are but the outskirts of His ways; and how small a whisper is heard of Him!
1	Lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	14	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	1	vocative	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
14	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	whisper	whisper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present · passive |  | a whisper |  |  |  | of Him *= he* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.26.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:outskirts:x1:2
# text = (Writings JOB.26.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.26.14	JOB.26.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We live on the outskirts of Manchester.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:outskirts:x2:1
# text = We live on the outskirts of Manchester.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Manchester	Manchester	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | We |  |  | the outskirts of Manchester |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on outskirt=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The big supermarket is on the outskirts of town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:outskirts:x3:1
# text = The big supermarket is on the outskirts of town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	supermarket	supermarket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the big supermarket |  |  | the outskirts |  | of town | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spooky old house stood on the outskirts of the village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:outskirts:x4:1
# text = A spooky old house stood on the outskirts of the village.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	spooky	spooky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | a spooky old house |  |  | the outskirts of the village |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on outskirt=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The airport is on the outskirts of the city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:outskirts:x5:1
# text = The airport is on the outskirts of the city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the airport |  |  | the outskirts |  | of the city | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farms begin where the outskirts end.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:outskirts:x6:1
# text = Farms begin where the outskirts end.
1	Farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	begin	begin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	6	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	end	end	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | Farms |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **end** | present | the outskirts |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army camped on the outskirts of Rome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:outskirts:x7:1
# text = The army camped on the outskirts of Rome.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	camped	camp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **camp** | past | the army |  |  | the outskirts of Rome |  |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When he came to the outskirts, he called ‘Iron Hans’ three times so loudly that it echoed through the trees.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:outskirts:x8:1
# text = When he came to the outskirts, he called ‘Iron Hans’ three times so loudly that it echoed through the trees.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	outskirts	outskirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Iron	Iron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	Hans	Hans	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
14	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	echoed	echo	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
21	through	through	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | he |  |  | the outskirts |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to outskirt=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **call** | past | he |  | Iron |  | time | loudly *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent iron=Recipient |
| 3 | **echo** | past | it |  |  | the trees |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through tree=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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