---
title: pain — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pain» in the Judaism dictionary: Pain is the feeling you have when part of your body is hurt or ill. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Pain, you, them, LORD, I, that · **What happens:** be, have, hurt, lose, take, mean · **To what, where:** feeling, part, pet, annoying person, pains, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pain» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pain in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/pain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pain is the feeling you have when part of your body is hurt or ill.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:m1:1
# text = Pain is the feeling you have when part of your body is hurt or ill.
1	Pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pain | the feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | you | the feeling *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Patient |
| 3 | **hurt** | present · passive |  | part of your body |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pain can be a feeling of great sadness: the pain of losing a pet.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:m2:1
# text = Pain can be a feeling of great sadness: the pain of losing a pet.
1	Pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Pain | a feeling and the pain |  |  |  | of great sadness | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | gerund | the pain *not said here* | a pet |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pet=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«A pain» (informal) is an annoying person or thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:m3:1
# text = «A pain» (informal) is an annoying person or thing.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	annoying	annoying	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pain | a annoying person or thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Take pains» means try very hard to do something carefully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:m4:1
# text = «Take pains» means try very hard to do something carefully.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	nsubj	_	_
3	pains	pain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | pains |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **try** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To pain someone means to hurt them or make them feel sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:m5:1
# text = To pain someone means to hurt them or make them feel sad.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | pain |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hurt** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **feel** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said: 'I have surely seen the affliction of My people that are in Egypt, and have heard their cry by reason of their taskmasters; for I know their pains; (Torah EXO.3.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x1:1
# text = And the LORD said: 'I have surely seen the affliction of My people that are in Egypt, and have heard their cry by reason of their taskmasters; for I know their pains; (Torah EXO.3.7, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	affliction	affliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	taskmasters	taskmaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
32	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
33	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
35	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	pains	pain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
38	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
40	EXO.3.7	EXO.3.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
42	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	_
43	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	43	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **see** | present · perfect | I | the affliction of My people |  |  |  | surely *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer affliction=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | present | that |  |  | Egypt |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **hear** | present · perfect | I *not said here* | people's cry |  |  |  | by reason of people's taskmasters | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cry=Stimulus |
| 5 | **know** | present | I | taskmasters's pains |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer pain=Stimulus |
| 6 | **afflict** |  |  | My people |  |  |  |  | nom affliction «state transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **cry** |  | people |  |  |  |  |  | nom cry «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 8 | **pain** |  | taskmasters *= taskmaster* |  |  |  |  |  | nom pain «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unto the woman He said: 'I will greatly multiply thy pain and thy travail; in pain thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.' (Torah GEN.3.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Unto the woman He said: 'I will greatly multiply thy pain and thy travail; in pain thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.'

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x2:1
# text = Unto the woman He said: 'I will greatly multiply thy pain and thy travail; in pain thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.'
1	Unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	multiply	multiply	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
12	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	travail	travail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
20	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nsubj	_	_
21	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	parataxis	_	_
23	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
27	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	desire	desire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
29	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	cop	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
37	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
38	rule	rule	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
39	over	over	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	38	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | He |  |  |  |  | unto the woman | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **multiply** | future | I | thy pain and thy travail |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |
| 3 | **bring** | shall | thou |  | children | pain |  | forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument child=Destination |
| 4 | **is** | shall | thy desire |  |  |  |  | to thy husband | tree rules |
| 5 | **rule** | shall | husband |  |  | thee |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **pain** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom pain «state transitive»: poss=agent |
| 7 | **travail** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom travail «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 8 | **desire** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom desire «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.3.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.3.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.3.16	GEN.3.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why criest thou for thy hurt, that thy pain is incurable? (Prophets JER.30.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Why criest thou for thy hurt, that thy pain is incurable?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x3:1
# text = Why criest thou for thy hurt, that thy pain is incurable?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	criest	cry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
9	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	incurable	incurable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | present |  | thou |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Topic |
| 2 | **hurt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | thy pain |  |  |  |  | incurable *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **pain** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom pain «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.30.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x3:2
# text = (Prophets JER.30.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.30.15	JER.30.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For I am ready to halt, and my pain is continually before me. (Writings PSA.38.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For I am ready to halt, and my pain is continually before me.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x4:1
# text = For I am ready to halt, and my pain is continually before me.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	halt	halt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	continually	continually	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **halt** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is** | present | my pain |  |  |  | before me | continually *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **pain** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom pain «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.38.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.38.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.38.18	PSA.38.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and all his bones grow stiff; (Writings JOB.33.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x5:1
# text = He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and all his bones grow stiff; (Writings JOB.33.19, JPS 1917)
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	chastened	chasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
20	JOB.33.19	JOB.33.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	_
23	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chasten** | present · passive |  | He |  |  |  | with pain upon his bed; Writings *obl* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | present | his bones |  |  |  |  | stiff *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a pain in my tummy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x6:1
# text = I have a pain in my tummy.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a pain |  | my tummy |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was in pain after he fell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x7:1
# text = He was in pain after he fell.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  | pain |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell an adult if the pain gets worse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x8:1
# text = Tell an adult if the pain gets worse.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |
| 2 | **get** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the pain |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cool water helps the pain of a burn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x9:1
# text = Cool water helps the pain of a burn.
1	Cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	burn	burn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Cool water | the pain of a burn |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **pain** |  |  | a burn |  |  |  |  | nom pain «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother can be a pain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x10:1
# text = My little brother can be a pain.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | My little brother | a pain |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She took great pains to make the card neat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x11:1
# text = She took great pains to make the card neat.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	pains	pain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | She | great pains |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | the card |  |  |  | neat *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset card=Product |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Losing her dog caused her a lot of pain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x12:1
# text = Losing her dog caused her a lot of pain.
1	Losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund |  | her dog |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cause** | past | Losing | a lot of pain | dog |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition she=Patient |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Painkillers should only be taken with an adult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x13:1
# text = Painkillers should only be taken with an adult.
1	Painkillers	painkiller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | should · passive |  | Painkillers |  |  |  | with a adult | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His foot pained him more and more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pain:x14:1
# text = His foot pained him more and more.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pained	pain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pain** | past | His foot | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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