--- title: parallelism — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics description: «parallelism» in the Judaism dictionary: A likeness or matching between two things, such as two phrases or ideas placed side by side. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/parallelism/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [P](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/) / parallelism # parallelism **Who acts:** two phrases, spatial anatomical parallelism, enigmatic expression, expression · **What happens:** match, place, be, employ, conceal, appear · **To what, where:** side, terms, tongue, genitals, Tanakh, Genesis «parallelism» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [parallelism in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/parallelism.md). ## Meaning 1 {#m1} A likeness or matching between two things, such as two phrases or ideas placed side by side. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:parallelism:m1:1 # text = A likeness or matching between two things, such as two phrases or ideas placed side by side. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 likeness likeness NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 or or CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 matching match VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ _ 5 between between ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 7 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 12 case _ _ 10 as as ADP IN _ 9 fixed _ _ 11 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 phrases phrase NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 ideas idea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 15 placed place VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl _ _ 16 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 17 by by ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 19 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **match** | gerund | | | | | | between two things such two phrases or ideas | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **place** | participle | two phrases or ideas *not said here* | side by side | | | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## Example 1 {#x1} There is also a spatial-anatomical parallelism between the terms employed by the SY: the tongue concealed above, the genitals concealed below. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation) *Sentence 1:* There is also a spatial-anatomical parallelism between the terms employed by the SY: the tongue concealed above, the genitals concealed below. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:parallelism:x1:1 # text = There is also a spatial-anatomical parallelism between the terms employed by the SY: the tongue concealed above, the genitals concealed below. 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 also also ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 5 spatial spatial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 anatomical anatomical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 parallelism parallelism NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 9 between between ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 terms term NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 12 employed employ VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 acl _ _ 13 by by ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 SY SY PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 tongue tongue NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 19 concealed conceal VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 acl _ _ 20 above above ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 genitals genitals NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 18 conj _ _ 24 concealed conceal VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl _ _ 25 below below ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 26 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | present | a spatial anatomical parallelism between the terms | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **employ** | participle | | the terms *not said here* | | | | by the SY | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **conceal** | participle | | the tongue and the genitals *not said here* | | | | above *property* | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **conceal** | participle | | the genitals *not said here* | | | | below *property* | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | *Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation) ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:parallelism:x1:2 # text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation) 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 5 Sefaria Sefaria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 6 community community NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 translation translation NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 8 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 2 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ## Example 2 {#x2} This enigmatic expression appears only once in the Tanakh, in \[Job 26:7\], where in a harkening back to \[Genesis 1:2\] it serves as a parallelism of primarial tohu. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation) *Sentence 1:* This enigmatic expression appears only once in the Tanakh, in \[Job 26:7\], where in a harkening back to \[Genesis 1:2\] it serves as a parallelism of primarial tohu. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:parallelism:x2:1 # text = This enigmatic expression appears only once in the Tanakh, in [Job 26:7], where in a harkening back to [Genesis 1:2] it serves as a parallelism of primarial tohu. 1 This this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _ 2 enigmatic enigmatic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 expression expression NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 appears appear VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 only only ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 4 advmod _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Tanakh Tanakh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 13 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 13 Job Job PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 appos _ _ 14 26:7 26:7 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 13 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 15 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 13 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 17 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 24 advmod _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 20 harkening harken VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 24 csubj _ _ 21 back back ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 22 to to ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 24 Genesis Genesis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 25 1:2 1:2 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 26 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 27 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 serves serve VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl:relcl _ _ 29 as as ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 parallelism parallelism NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 primarial primarial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 34 tohu tohu X FW Foreign=Yes 33 dep _ SpaceAfter=No 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **appear** | present | this enigmatic expression | | | the Tanakh and a Genesis | | once *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tanakh=Location | | 2 | **harken back** | gerund | | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **serve** | present | expression | a Genesis *not said here* | | | | as a parallelism | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent genesis=Duration as parallelism=Attribute | *Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation) ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:parallelism:x2:2 # text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation) 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 5 Sefaria Sefaria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 6 community community NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 translation translation NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 8 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 2 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. 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