---
title: participant — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «participant» in the Judaism dictionary: A person who takes part in an activity, an event, a race, a game, a study or a competition. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# participant

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, SY, Creation, Torah, participant, 64 participants · **What happens:** take, argue, envision, work, reflect, act · **To what, where:** part, activity, Meroz, Wisdom, similar view, midrashicic literature

<!-- .vabout -->
«participant» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [participant in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/participant.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who takes part in an activity, an event, a race, a game, a study or a competition.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:participant:m1:1
# text = A person who takes part in an activity, an event, a race, a game, a study or a competition.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	competition	competition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | a person and a event and a race and a game and a study or a competition | part |  | a activity |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent part=Value in activity=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Meroz has argued that the SY envisions Wisdom \[חָכְמָה Chochmah\] as a co-participant with God in the Work of Creation. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Meroz has argued that the SY envisions Wisdom \[חָכְמָה Chochmah\] as a co-participant with God in the Work of Creation.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:participant:x1:1
# text = Meroz has argued that the SY envisions Wisdom [חָכְמָה Chochmah] as a co-participant with God in the Work of Creation.
1	Meroz	Meroz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	argued	argue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	SY	SY	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	envisions	envision	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	Wisdom	Wisdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	חָכְמָה	חָכְמָה	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Chochmah	Chochmah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	co-participant	co-participant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Creation	creation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present · perfect · passive |  | Meroz |  |  |  | as a co-participant with God in the Work of Creation | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **envision** | present | the SY | Wisdom |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent wisdom=Theme |
| 3 | **work** |  | Creation |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:participant:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A similar view is reflected in the midrashicic and Kabbalistic literature, where Torah or Wisdom acts as a participant or instrument in the Work of Creation; see e.g. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:participant:x2:1
# text = A similar view is reflected in the midrashicic and Kabbalistic literature, where Torah or Wisdom acts as a participant or instrument in the Work of Creation; see e.g. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	midrashicic	midrashicic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Kabbalistic	kabbalistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	advmod	_	_
14	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Wisdom	Wisdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	acts	act	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	participant	participant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	Work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Creation	creation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
30	e.g.	e.g.	ADV	FW	_	29	obj	_	_
31	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
36	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	33	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present · passive |  | a similar view |  | the midrashicic literature |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **act** | present | Torah or Wisdom |  |  |  |  | as a participant or instrument in the Work of Creation | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as participant=Attribute |
| 3 | **see** | infinitive | Torah or Wisdom *not said here* | Sefer Yetzirah |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **work** |  | Creation |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every participant in the race got a medal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:participant:x3:1
# text = Every participant in the race got a medal.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	participant	participant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	medal	medal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | every participant in the race | a medal |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer medal=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were 64 participants in the chess competition.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:participant:x4:1
# text = There were 64 participants in the chess competition.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	64	64	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	participants	participant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	competition	competition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | 64 participants in the chess competition |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The survey had 30 participants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:participant:x5:1
# text = The survey had 30 participants.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	survey	survey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	participants	participant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the survey | 30 participants |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent participant=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Participants must wear a helmet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:participant:x6:1
# text = Participants must wear a helmet.
1	Participants	participant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | must | Participants | a helmet |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Split the 48 participants into teams of 6.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:participant:x7:1
# text = Split the 48 participants into teams of 6.
1	Split	split	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	48	48	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	participants	participant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **split** | imperative | you *not said here* | the 48 participants |  |  |  | into teams of 6 *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent participant=Patient into team=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was an active participant in the class discussion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:participant:x8:1
# text = She was an active participant in the class discussion.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	participant	participant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	discussion	discussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | She | a active participant |  | the class discussion |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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