---
title: past — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «past» in the Judaism dictionary: The past is time that has gone, before now. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# past

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** past, time, past three, this, that, whoso · **What happens:** be, go, mean, walk, tell, flee · **To what, where:** time, shop, 3:30, case, Torah DEU.19.4, neighbour unawares · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«past» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 16 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [past in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/past.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The past is time that has gone, before now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:m1:1
# text = The past is time that has gone, before now.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the past | time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present · perfect | time |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past (preposition) means going by something: he walked past the shop.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:m2:1
# text = Past (preposition) means going by something: he walked past the shop.
1	Past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	preposition	preposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	past	past	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Past |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | gerund | Past *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by something | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by something=Location |
| 3 | **walk** | past | Past |  |  | the shop |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme past shop=Trajectory |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In telling time, past means after the hour: «Half past three» is 3:30.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:m3:1
# text = In telling time, past means after the hour: «Half past three» is 3:30.
1	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	14	det:predet	_	_
13	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	3:30	3:30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | past |  |  |  | hour |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | half past three | 3:30 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past (adjective) means just gone: the past week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:m4:1
# text = Past (adjective) means just gone: the past week.
1	Past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | Past |  |  |  | week |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past also means beyond: past midnight, past the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:m5:1
# text = Past also means beyond: past midnight, past the bridge.
1	Past	Past	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	past	past	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	past	past	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Past |  |  |  | midnight |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beyond=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And this is the case of the manslayer, that shall flee thither and live: whoso killeth his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in time past; (Torah DEU.19.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x1:1
# text = And this is the case of the manslayer, that shall flee thither and live: whoso killeth his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in time past; (Torah DEU.19.4, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	manslayer	manslayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
13	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	whoso	whoso	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	killeth	kill	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	unawares	unaware	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	hated	hate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
31	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	DEU.19.4	DEU.19.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	_
36	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	33	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	33	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this | the case |  |  |  | of the manslayer | tree rules |
| 2 | **flee** | shall | that |  |  |  |  | thither *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **live** | present | that *not said here* | Torah DEU.19.4 and JPS |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **kill** | present | whoso | his neighbour unawares |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent unaware=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **hate** | past | whoso *not said here* | him *= he* |  | time past |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
that the manslayer might flee thither, that slayeth his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in time past; and that fleeing unto one of these cities he might live: (Torah DEU.4.42, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x2:1
# text = that the manslayer might flee thither, that slayeth his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in time past; and that fleeing unto one of these cities he might live: (Torah DEU.4.42, JPS 1917)
1	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	manslayer	manslayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	_
9	slayeth	slay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	unawares	unaware	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	hated	hate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	fleeing	flee	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
25	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
34	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	DEU.4.42	DEU.4.42	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
38	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	flat	_	_
39	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	36	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	36	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flee** | might | the manslayer |  |  |  |  | thither *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **slay** | present | that | manslayer's neighbour unawares |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent unaware=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **hate** | past | that *not said here* | manslayer |  | time past |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 4 | **flee** | gerund | the manslayer *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto one of this cities | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **live** | might | manslayer | this cities *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme city=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when the days of weeping for him were past, Joseph spoke unto the house of Pharaoh, saying: 'If now I have found favour in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying: (Torah GEN.50.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 41 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x3:1
# text = And when the days of weeping for him were past, Joseph spoke unto the house of Pharaoh, saying: 'If now I have found favour in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying: (Torah GEN.50.4, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	weeping	weeping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	_
9	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
10	past	past	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
12	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
22	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	27	advmod	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	ccomp	_	_
28	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	speak	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	27	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
37	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
45	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	36	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	49	punct	_	_
47	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	49	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	_
49	GEN.50.4	GEN.50.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
51	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	flat	_	_
52	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	49	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | the days of weeping for him |  |  |  |  | past *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Joseph |  |  |  |  | unto the house of Pharaoh | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Joseph *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **find** | present · perfect | I | favour |  | your eyes | now |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent favour=Topic |
| 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **pray** | present | I | you |  | the ears of Pharaoh |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | I *not said here* | Torah GEN.50.4 |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent gen.50.4=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His discernment is past searching out. (Prophets ISA.40.28, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* His discernment is past searching out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x4:1
# text = His discernment is past searching out.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	discernment	discernment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	past	past	ADP	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	searching	search	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **search out** | present · progressive | His discernment |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **discern** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom discernment «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.40.28, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x4:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.40.28, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.40.28	ISA.40.28	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who doeth great things past finding out; yea, marvellous things without number. (Writings JOB.9.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Who doeth great things past finding out; yea, marvellous things without number.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x5:1
# text = Who doeth great things past finding out; yea, marvellous things without number.
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	doeth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	past	past	ADP	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	finding	find	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
13	without	without	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present |  | great things |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **find out** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.9.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x5:2
# text = (Writings JOB.9.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.9.10	JOB.9.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone; (Writings SNG.2.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x6:1
# text = For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone; (Writings SNG.2.11, JPS 1917)
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	over	over	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	parataxis	_	_
19	SNG.2.11	SNG.2.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	_
22	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the winter |  |  |  |  | past *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the rain |  |  |  |  | over *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | participle | the winter *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is half past 2.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x7:1
# text = It is half past 2.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	5	advmod	_	_
4	past	past	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | past 2; half *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus came 20 minutes past 8.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x8:1
# text = The bus came 20 minutes past 8.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	past	past	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the bus |  |  | 8 | minute |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme past 8=Initial\_Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the past 3 days she read 60 pages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x9:1
# text = In the past 3 days she read 60 pages.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | she | 60 pages |  |  | day |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Topic |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He walked past 5 houses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x10:1
# text = He walked past 5 houses.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	past	past	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | He | 5 houses |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme house=Trajectory |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the past, people wrote with feather pens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x11:1
# text = In the past, people wrote with feather pens.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	pens	pen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | people |  |  | the past |  | with feather pens | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in past=Destination |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's past your bedtime!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x12:1
# text = It's past your bedtime!
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	past	past	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | past your bedtime | tree rules |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ran» is the past tense of «run».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x13:1
# text = «Ran» is the past tense of «run».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ran	Ran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ran | the past tense |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** *in a quote* | infinitive | the past tense *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Quarter past ten is 10:15.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x14:1
# text = Quarter past ten is 10:15.
1	Quarter	quarter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	10:15	10:15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Quarter past | 10:15 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Go past the church and turn left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x15:1
# text = Go past the church and turn left.
1	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	past	past	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	left	left	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the church |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme past church=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **turn** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | left *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 16 {#x16}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Suddenly there rode past another horseman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:past:x16:1
# text = Suddenly there rode past another horseman.
1	Suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	past	past	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past |  |  |  | another horseman; there |  | suddenly *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent past horseman=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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