---
title: penury — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «penury» in the Judaism dictionary: Great poverty, having almost no money. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# penury

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**Who acts:** Great poverty, profit, talk, lips · **What happens:** have, be, tend, talk · **To what, where:** money, labour, penury

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«penury» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [penury in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/penury.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Great poverty, having almost no money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:penury:m1:1
# text = Great poverty, having almost no money.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | Great poverty *not said here* | no money |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In all labour there is profit; but the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury. (Writings PRO.14.23, JPS 1917)

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*Sentence 1:* In all labour there is profit; but the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:penury:x1:1
# text = In all labour there is profit; but the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	profit	profit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	tendeth	tend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	only	only	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	penury	penury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | profit |  |  | all labour; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in labour=Location |
| 2 | **tend** | present | the talk of the lips | penury |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penury=Theme |
| 3 | **talk** |  | the lips |  |  |  |  |  | nom talk «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.14.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:penury:x1:2
# text = (Writings PRO.14.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.14.23	PRO.14.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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