---
title: perpetual — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perpetual» in the Judaism dictionary: Lasting forever or for a very long time, never ending. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perpetual

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lasting, it, children, that, Aaron, He · **What happens:** last, not end, happen, seem, not stop, work · **To what, where:** perpetual complaints, sabbath, fields, lamps, it, adversaries

<!-- .vabout -->
«perpetual» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perpetual in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/perpetual.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lasting forever or for a very long time, never ending.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:m1:1
# text = Lasting forever or for a very long time, never ending.
1	Lasting	last	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	ending	end	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | forever *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **end** | gerund | Lasting |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Happening again and again, so often it seems never to stop: perpetual complaints.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:m2:1
# text = Happening again and again, so often it seems never to stop: perpetual complaints.
1	Happening	happen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	again	again	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	complaints	complaint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  |  | again |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **seem** | present | it |  |  |  |  | often *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 3 | **not** **stop** | to-infinitive |  | perpetual complaints |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of a calendar or plant — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Working or flowering year after year without needing changing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:m3:1
# text = Working or flowering year after year without needing changing.
1	Working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	flowering	flower	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	needing	need	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	advcl	_	_
9	changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **flower** | gerund |  |  |  |  | year |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **need** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **change** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant. (Torah EXO.31.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x1:1
# text = Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant.
1	Wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sabbath	sabbath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sabbath	sabbath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | shall | the children of Israel | the sabbath |  |  |  | wherefore *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sabbath=Theme |
| 2 | **observe** | to-infinitive | the children of Israel *not said here* | the sabbath |  |  | throughout children's generations | for a perpetual covenant | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent sabbath=Location for covenant=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.31.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.31.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.31.16	EXO.31.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the fields of the open land about their cities may not be sold; for that is their perpetual possession. (Torah LEV.25.34, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But the fields of the open land about their cities may not be sold; for that is their perpetual possession.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x2:1
# text = But the fields of the open land about their cities may not be sold; for that is their perpetual possession.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	perpetual	perpetual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sell** | may · passive |  | the fields of the open land about fields's cities |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | for fields's perpetual possession | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.25.34, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x2:2
# text = (Torah LEV.25.34, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.25.34	LEV.25.34	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at dusk, he shall burn it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations. (Torah EXO.30.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at dusk, he shall burn it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x3:1
# text = And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at dusk, he shall burn it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	Aaron	Aaron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lighteth	light	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	perpetual	perpetual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	_
18	before	before	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **light** | present | Aaron | the lamps |  |  | dusk |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lamp=Product |
| 2 | **burn** | shall | Aaron | it |  |  | throughout your generations |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.30.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x3:2
# text = (Torah EXO.30.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.30.8	EXO.30.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And He smote His adversaries backward; He put upon them a perpetual reproach. (Writings PSA.78.66, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And He smote His adversaries backward; He put upon them a perpetual reproach.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x4:1
# text = And He smote His adversaries backward; He put upon them a perpetual reproach.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	backward	backward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	perpetual	perpetual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite** | past | He | His adversaries |  |  |  | backward *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus adversary=Experiencer |
| 2 | **put** | past | He | a perpetual reproach |  |  |  | upon adversaries *= adversary* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent reproach=Theme upon they=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.78.66, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.78.66, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.78.66	PSA.78.66	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why then is this people of Jerusalem slidden back by a perpetual backsliding? (Prophets JER.8.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Why then is this people of Jerusalem slidden back by a perpetual backsliding?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x5:1
# text = Why then is this people of Jerusalem slidden back by a perpetual backsliding?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	slidden	slidden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	back	back	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	backsliding	backslide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | this people |  |  |  | of Jerusalem | tree rules |
| 2 | **slidden back** | participle |  | this people *not said here* |  |  |  | by a perpetual | tree rules |
| 3 | **backslide** | gerund | this people |  |  |  | then |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.8.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x5:2
# text = (Prophets JER.8.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.8.5	JER.8.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why is my pain perpetual, and my wound incurable, so that it refuseth to be healed? (Prophets JER.15.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Why is my pain perpetual, and my wound incurable, so that it refuseth to be healed?

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x6:1
# text = Why is my pain perpetual, and my wound incurable, so that it refuseth to be healed?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	wound	wound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	incurable	incurable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	15	mark	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	refuseth	refuse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	healed	heal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | my pain perpetual and my wound incurable |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **refuse** | present | incurable |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **heal** | to-infinitive · passive | incurable *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V» |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.15.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x6:2
# text = (Prophets JER.15.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.15.18	JER.15.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mountain tops are covered in perpetual snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x7:1
# text = The mountain tops are covered in perpetual snow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | the mountain tops |  |  |  | in perpetual snow | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in snow=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A perpetual motion machine cannot be built.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x8:1
# text = A perpetual motion machine cannot be built.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **build** | can · passive |  | a motion machine |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby's perpetual crying kept us awake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x9:1
# text = The baby's perpetual crying kept us awake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	crying	crying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the baby's perpetual crying | us |  |  |  | awake *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 2 | **cry** |  | the baby |  |  |  |  |  | nom crying «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lighthouse is a perpetual guard of the coast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x10:1
# text = The lighthouse is a perpetual guard of the coast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lighthouse	lighthouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the lighthouse | a perpetual guard |  |  |  | of the coast | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She lived in perpetual fear of spiders.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x11:1
# text = She lived in perpetual fear of spiders.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	perpetual	perpetual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	spiders	spider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | She |  |  | perpetual fear of spiders |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fear=Location |
| 2 | **fear** |  |  | spiders |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The waterfall makes a perpetual roar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x12:1
# text = The waterfall makes a perpetual roar.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	waterfall	waterfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	perpetual	perpetual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	roar	roar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the waterfall | a perpetual roar |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset roar=Product |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pattern 1, 2, 1, 2 is perpetual — it never ends.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x13:1
# text = The pattern 1, 2, 1, 2 is perpetual — it never ends.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
3	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | pattern perpetual |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **end** | present | perpetual | pattern perpetual *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality perpetual=Eventuality |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
THE WEASELS and the Mice waged a perpetual war with each other, in which much blood was shed.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetual:x14:1
# text = THE WEASELS and the Mice waged a perpetual war with each other, in which much blood was shed.
1	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	WEASELS	weasel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	waged	wage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	6	obl	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obl	_	_
16	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	shed	shed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wage** | past | the WEASELS and the Mice | a perpetual war |  |  |  | with each | tree rules |
| 2 | **shed** | past · passive |  | much blood |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [P in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/)