---
title: perpetuity — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perpetuity» in the Judaism dictionary: Lasting for ever or for an endless time; mostly in the phrase «in perpetuity» (for ever). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perpetuity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** payment, ye, charity, rights, They, perpetuity · **What happens:** last, go on, not sell, be, give, keep · **To what, where:** phrase, land, perpetuity, Mine, town, grave

<!-- .vabout -->
«perpetuity» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perpetuity in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/perpetuity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lasting for ever or for an endless time; mostly in the phrase «in perpetuity» (for ever).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetuity:m1:1
# text = Lasting for ever or for an endless time; mostly in the phrase «in perpetuity» (for ever).
1	Lasting	last	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	endless	endless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	perpetuity	perpetuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | gerund |  |  |  | the phrase |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A payment that goes on for ever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetuity:m2:1
# text = A payment that goes on for ever.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go on** | present | a payment |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the land shall not be sold in perpetuity; for the land is Mine; for ye are strangers and settlers with Me. (Torah LEV.25.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the land shall not be sold in perpetuity; for the land is Mine; for ye are strangers and settlers with Me.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetuity:x1:1
# text = And the land shall not be sold in perpetuity; for the land is Mine; for ye are strangers and settlers with Me.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	perpetuity	perpetuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	Mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nsubj	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	strangers	stranger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	settlers	settler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sell** | shall · passive |  | the land |  | perpetuity |  | for the land | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: subject=Theme for land=Asset |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | Mine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | ye |  |  |  |  | for strangers and settlers; with Me | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.25.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetuity:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.25.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.25.23	LEV.25.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The land was given to the town in perpetuity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetuity:x2:1
# text = The land was given to the town in perpetuity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	perpetuity	perpetuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · passive |  | the land | the town in perpetuity |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to town=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grave is kept in perpetuity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetuity:x3:1
# text = The grave is kept in perpetuity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	perpetuity	perpetuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present · passive |  | the grave |  | perpetuity |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in perpetuity=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The charity owns the park in perpetuity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetuity:x4:1
# text = The charity owns the park in perpetuity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	owns	own	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	perpetuity	perpetuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | present | the charity | the park |  | perpetuity |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot park=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rights to the song belong to her in perpetuity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetuity:x5:1
# text = The rights to the song belong to her in perpetuity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rights	right	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	perpetuity	perpetuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | the rights to the song |  | her *= she* | perpetuity |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They promised to protect the forest in perpetuity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetuity:x6:1
# text = They promised to protect the forest in perpetuity.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	perpetuity	perpetuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **protect** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | the forest |  | perpetuity |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A perpetuity pays the same amount every year, for ever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perpetuity:x7:1
# text = A perpetuity pays the same amount every year, for ever.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	perpetuity	perpetuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | present | a perpetuity | the same amount |  |  | year |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Asset |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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