---
title: perplexed — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perplexed» in the Judaism dictionary: Puzzled and unsure, not able to understand something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perplexed

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** beasts, herds, flocks, posts, king, you · **What happens:** understand, be, affright, change, perplex, groan · **To what, where:** something, king, countenance, lords, herds, pasture · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«perplexed» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perplexed in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/perplexed.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Puzzled and unsure, not able to understand something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexed:m1:1
# text = Puzzled and unsure, not able to understand something.
1	Puzzled	puzzled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	unsure	unsure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then was king Belshazzar greatly affrighted, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were perplexed. (Writings DAN.5.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then was king Belshazzar greatly affrighted, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were perplexed.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexed:x1:1
# text = Then was king Belshazzar greatly affrighted, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were perplexed.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	Belshazzar	Belshazzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
5	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	affrighted	affright	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	countenance	countenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	lords	lord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	perplexed	perplex	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | king |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **affright** | participle · passive |  | king |  |  |  | greatly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **change** | past · passive |  | king's countenance |  |  |  | in king | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **perplex** | past · passive |  | king's lords |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.5.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexed:x1:2
# text = (Writings DAN.5.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.5.9	DAN.5.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate. (Prophets JOL.1.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexed:x2:1
# text = How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	groan	groan	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	perplexed	perplex	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	pasture	pasture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
20	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	27	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
28	desolate	desolate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **groan** | present · do-support | the beasts |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **perplex** | present · passive |  | the herds of cattle |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **have** | present | herds *= herd* | no pasture |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pasture=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | present · passive |  | the flocks of sheep |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **desolate** | infinitive | the flocks of sheep *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JOL.1.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexed:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JOL.1.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOL.1.18	JOL.1.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The posts went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle; and the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was perplexed. (Writings EST.3.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The posts went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle; and the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was perplexed.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexed:x3:1
# text = The posts went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle; and the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was perplexed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	posts	post	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	commandment	commandment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	decree	decree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Shushan	Shushan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	Haman	Haman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
30	down	down	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
34	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj:pass	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Shushan	Shushan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
39	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	perplexed	perplex	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the posts |  |  | haste |  | by the king's commandment; forth *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in haste=Location |
| 2 | **give out** | past · passive |  | the decree |  | Shushan |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sit down** | past | the king and Haman |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **drink** | to-infinitive | the king and Haman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **perplex** | past · passive |  | the city of Shushan |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 6 | **command** |  | the king |  |  |  |  |  | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings EST.3.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexed:x3:2
# text = (Writings EST.3.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EST.3.15	EST.3.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The yokel awaking is perplexed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexed:x4:1
# text = The yokel awaking is perplexed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	yokel	yokel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	awaking	awaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	perplexed	perplex	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perplex** | present · passive |  | the yokel awaking |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Please, you must not joke with me, I am greatly perplexed."

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexed:x5:1
# text = "Please, you must not joke with me, I am greatly perplexed."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	joke	joke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	perplexed	perplex	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **joke** *speech: other* *in a quote* | must | you |  |  |  |  | with me | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with i=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **perplex** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [perpetuity](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/perpetuity/)
- next →: [perplexity](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/perplexity/)
- ↑ back to [P in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/)