---
title: perplexity — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perplexity» in the Judaism dictionary: Perplexity is a state of being puzzled and not knowing what to think or do. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perplexity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Perplexity, it, Kir, best, most upright, thy · **What happens:** be, puzzle, not know, think, do, shout · **To what, where:** state, Shoa, mount, brier, perplexity, great perplexity · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«perplexity» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perplexity in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/perplexity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Perplexity is a state of being puzzled and not knowing what to think or do.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexity:m1:1
# text = Perplexity is a state of being puzzled and not knowing what to think or do.
1	Perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	puzzled	puzzle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Perplexity | a state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **puzzle** | gerund · passive |  | a state *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 3 | **not** **know** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |
| 5 | **do** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A puzzling thing or problem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexity:m2:1
# text = A puzzling thing or problem.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	puzzling	puzzling	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For it is a day of trouble, and of trampling, and of perplexity, from the Lord, the GOD of hosts, in the Valley of Vision; Kir shouting, and Shoa at the mount. (Prophets ISA.22.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For it is a day of trouble, and of trampling, and of perplexity, from the Lord, the GOD of hosts, in the Valley of Vision; Kir shouting, and Shoa at the mount.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexity:x1:1
# text = For it is a day of trouble, and of trampling, and of perplexity, from the Lord, the GOD of hosts, in the Valley of Vision; Kir shouting, and Shoa at the mount.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	trampling	trampling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Valley	Valley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Vision	Vision	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
32	Kir	Kir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	Shoa	Shoa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
37	at	at	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	mount	mount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  | for a day and perplexity | of trouble and trampling | tree rules |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | Kir | Shoa |  | the mount |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent day=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.22.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexity:x1:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.22.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.22.5	ISA.22.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The best of them is as a brier; the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge; the day of thy watchmen, even thy visitation, is come; now shall be their perplexity. (Prophets MIC.7.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The best of them is as a brier; the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge; the day of thy watchmen, even thy visitation, is come; now shall be their perplexity.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexity:x2:1
# text = The best of them is as a brier; the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge; the day of thy watchmen, even thy visitation, is come; now shall be their perplexity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	brier	brier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
12	upright	upright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	than	than	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	thorn	thorn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl:unmarked	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	watchmen	watchman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	even	even	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	visitation	visitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	37	advmod	_	_
34	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
35	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	cop	_	_
36	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the best |  |  |  |  | as a brier | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the most upright | a brier *not said here* |  |  |  | than a thorn hedge; bad *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | present · passive |  | a brier *not said here* |  |  | day |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **is a** | shall |  | watchmen's perplexity |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **visit** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom visitation «event transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets MIC.7.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexity:x2:2
# text = (Prophets MIC.7.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	MIC.7.4	MIC.7.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stood in great perplexity, unable to work out the answer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexity:x3:1
# text = He stood in great perplexity, unable to work out the answer.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | He |  |  | great perplexity |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in perplexity=Location |
| 2 | **work out** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | the answer |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To her perplexity, the door would not open.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexity:x4:1
# text = To her perplexity, the door would not open.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **open** | would | the door |  | her perplexity |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to perplexity=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puzzle caused him much perplexity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perplexity:x5:1
# text = The puzzle caused him much perplexity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the puzzle | much perplexity | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Causer he=Theme perplexity=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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