---
title: persecutor — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «persecutor» in the Judaism dictionary: Someone who treats another person cruelly and unfairly again and again, to hurt or harm them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# persecutor

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, Thy, you, persecutors, my, Thou · **What happens:** treat, hurt, harm, be, have, not turn · **To what, where:** person, them, Many persecutors, testimonies, I, me

<!-- .vabout -->
«persecutor» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [persecutor in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/persecutor.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who treats another person cruelly and unfairly again and again, to hurt or harm them.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:persecutor:m1:1
# text = Someone who treats another person cruelly and unfairly again and again, to hurt or harm them.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	treats	treat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	unfairly	unfairly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	harm	harm	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | present |  |  | another person |  |  | cruelly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent person=Recipient |
| 2 | **hurt** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **harm** | infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many are my persecutors and mine adversaries; yet have I not turned aside from Thy testimonies. (Writings PSA.119.157, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Many are my persecutors and mine adversaries; yet have I not turned aside from Thy testimonies.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:persecutor:x1:1
# text = Many are my persecutors and mine adversaries; yet have I not turned aside from Thy testimonies.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	persecutors	persecutor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	mine	mine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
14	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	testimonies	testimony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | my Many persecutors and mine adversaries |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **turn** | past | I |  |  | Thy testimonies |  | aside *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from testimony=Trajectory |
| 4 | **testify** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.119.157, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:persecutor:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.119.157, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.119.157	PSA.119.157	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Attend unto my cry; for I am brought very low; deliver me from my persecutors; for they are too strong for me. (Writings PSA.142.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Attend unto my cry; for I am brought very low; deliver me from my persecutors; for they are too strong for me.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:persecutor:x2:1
# text = Attend unto my cry; for I am brought very low; deliver me from my persecutors; for they are too strong for me.
1	Attend	attend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	persecutors	persecutor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
19	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	too	too	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attend** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto my cry | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bring** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  | low *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Destination |
| 3 | **deliver** | infinitive | you *not said here* | me |  | my persecutors |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent i=Theme from persecutor=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **is** | present | persecutors *= persecutor* |  |  |  |  | for me; strong *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **cry** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom cry «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.142.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:persecutor:x2:2
# text = (Writings PSA.142.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.142.7	PSA.142.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou, O LORD, knowest; Remember me, and think of me, and avenge me of my persecutors; take me not away because of Thy long-suffering; know that for Thy sake I have suffered taunts. (Prophets JER.15.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou, O LORD, knowest; Remember me, and think of me, and avenge me of my persecutors; take me not away because of Thy long-suffering; know that for Thy sake I have suffered taunts.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:persecutor:x3:1
# text = Thou, O LORD, knowest; Remember me, and think of me, and avenge me of my persecutors; take me not away because of Thy long-suffering; know that for Thy sake I have suffered taunts.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	avenge	avenge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	persecutors	persecutor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
23	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
24	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
26	away	away	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
27	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	32	case	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	fixed	_	_
29	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	32	nmod:poss	_	_
30	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
34	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
35	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
36	for	for	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	sake	sake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	ccomp	_	_
39	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
40	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	38	acl:relcl	_	_
42	taunts	taunt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | Thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **remember** | infinitive | Thou *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | Thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of me | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **avenge** | present | Thou *not said here* | me |  |  |  | of my persecutors | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **take away** | infinitive | Thou *not said here* | me |  |  |  | because Thy long suffering; away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 6 | **know** | infinitive | Thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **suffer** | present · perfect | I | taunts |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer taunt=Stimulus |
| 8 | **suffer** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom suffering «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.15.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:persecutor:x3:2
# text = (Prophets JER.15.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.15.15	JER.15.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poor girl ran from her persecutors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:persecutor:x4:1
# text = The poor girl ran from her persecutors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	persecutors	persecutor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the poor girl |  |  | girl's persecutors |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from persecutor=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king's men were the persecutors of the kind old man.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:persecutor:x5:1
# text = The king's men were the persecutors of the kind old man.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	persecutors	persecutor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the king's men | the persecutors |  |  |  | of the kind old man | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her persecutor followed her all the way home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:persecutor:x6:1
# text = Her persecutor followed her all the way home.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	persecutor	persecutor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	home	home	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | past | Her persecutor | her *= she* |  |  |  | all way *obl:unmarked* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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