---
title: perverseness — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perverseness» in the Judaism dictionary: Wickedness or crookedness; doing what is twisted and wrong instead of straight and right. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perverseness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Wickedness, None, LORD, shouting, integrity, perverseness · **What happens:** do, be, have, behold, see, guide · **To what, where:** beheld iniquity, Jacob, one seen perverseness, Israel, them, tree · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«perverseness» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perverseness in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/perverseness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wickedness or crookedness; doing what is twisted and wrong instead of straight and right.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perverseness:m1:1
# text = Wickedness or crookedness; doing what is twisted and wrong instead of straight and right.
1	Wickedness	wickedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	crookedness	crookedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	twisted	twisted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund | Wickedness or crookedness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | instead straight; twisted *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
None hath beheld iniquity in Jacob, neither hath one seen perverseness in Israel; the LORD his God is with him, and the shouting for the King is among them. (Torah NUM.23.21, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* None hath beheld iniquity in Jacob, neither hath one seen perverseness in Israel; the LORD his God is with him, and the shouting for the King is among them.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perverseness:x1:1
# text = None hath beheld iniquity in Jacob, neither hath one seen perverseness in Israel; the LORD his God is with him, and the shouting for the King is among them.
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beheld	behold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	9	cc:preconj	_	_
9	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
11	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	perverseness	perverseness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	shouting	shouting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
31	among	among	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | None | beheld iniquity |  | Jacob |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iniquity=Patient |
| 2 | **behold** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **have** | present | None *not said here* | one seen perverseness |  | Israel |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perverseness=Patient |
| 4 | **see** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is** | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | with God | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** | present | the shouting for the King |  |  |  |  | among them *= they* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.23.21, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perverseness:x1:2
# text = (Torah NUM.23.21, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.23.21	NUM.23.21	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The integrity of the upright shall guide them; but the perverseness of the faithless shall destroy them. (Writings PRO.11.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The integrity of the upright shall guide them; but the perverseness of the faithless shall destroy them.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perverseness:x2:1
# text = The integrity of the upright shall guide them; but the perverseness of the faithless shall destroy them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	integrity	integrity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	upright	upright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	guide	guide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	perverseness	perverseness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guide** | shall | the integrity of the upright | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 2 | **destroy** | shall | the perverseness | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.11.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perverseness:x2:2
# text = (Writings PRO.11.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.11.3	PRO.11.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A soothing tongue is a tree of life; but perverseness therein is a wound to the spirit. (Writings PRO.15.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A soothing tongue is a tree of life; but perverseness therein is a wound to the spirit.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perverseness:x3:1
# text = A soothing tongue is a tree of life; but perverseness therein is a wound to the spirit.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	soothing	soothing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	perverseness	perverseness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a soothing tongue | a tree but a wound |  |  |  | of life | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | perverseness | a wound |  |  |  | to the spirit | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.15.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perverseness:x3:2
# text = (Writings PRO.15.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.15.4	PRO.15.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wherefore thus saith the Holy One of Israel: because ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and stay thereon; (Prophets ISA.30.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:perverseness:x4:1
# text = Wherefore thus saith the Holy One of Israel: because ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and stay thereon; (Prophets ISA.30.12, JPS 1917)
1	Wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Holy	Holy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj	_	_
12	despise	despise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
17	trust	trust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	oppression	oppression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	perverseness	perverseness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
25	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	_
29	ISA.30.12	ISA.30.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	flat	_	_
32	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	29	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | thus | the One  Holy of Israel |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent one=Topic |
| 2 | **despise** | present | ye | this word |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus |
| 3 | **stay** | infinitive | trust in oppression and perverseness |  |  |  |  | thereon *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [perverse](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/perverse/)
- next →: [perversion](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/perversion/)
- ↑ back to [P in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/)