---
title: philosopher — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «philosopher» in the Judaism dictionary: A philosopher is a person who thinks and writes about big questions, such as what is true, what is right and wrong, and what life means. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# philosopher

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** philosopher, person, life, Grandad, stone, legendary stone · **What happens:** be, think, write, mean, stay, trouble · **To what, where:** person, bit, legendary stone, metal, gold, 23 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«philosopher» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [philosopher in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/philosopher.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A philosopher is a person who thinks and writes about big questions, such as what is true, what is right and wrong, and what life means.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:m1:1
# text = A philosopher is a person who thinks and writes about big questions, such as what is true, what is right and wrong, and what life means.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	philosopher	philosopher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	parataxis	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	29	obj	_	_
28	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a philosopher | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **write** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about big questions | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about question=Topic |
| 4 | **is** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **mean** | present | life |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who stays calm and thoughtful about life's troubles: «Grandad is a bit of a philosopher».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:m2:1
# text = A person who stays calm and thoughtful about life's troubles: «Grandad is a bit of a philosopher».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	thoughtful	thoughtful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	troubles	trouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	philosopher	philosopher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | calm *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Grandad | a bit |  |  |  | of a philosopher | tree rules |
| 3 | **trouble** |  | life |  |  |  |  |  | nom trouble «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A philosopher's stone is a legendary stone said to turn metal into gold.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:m3:1
# text = A philosopher's stone is a legendary stone said to turn metal into gold.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	philosopher	philosopher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	legendary	legendary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
12	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a philosopher's stone | a legendary stone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a legendary stone |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **turn** | to-infinitive |  | metal |  | gold |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent metal=Theme into gold=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
23) The ancient philosophers maintained that if God is the first cause, and He is necessarily, He, the immediate effect of Him, as an absolute unity, (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x1:1
# text = 23) The ancient philosophers maintained that if God is the first cause, and He is necessarily, He, the immediate effect of Him, as an absolute unity, (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	23	23	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	1	punct	_	_
3	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	philosophers	philosopher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	maintained	maintain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
13	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	necessarily	necessarily	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	immediate	immediate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	absolute	absolute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	unity	unity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	flat	_	_
38	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	35	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **maintain** | past | the ancient philosophers | 23 |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | God | the first cause |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | God |  |  |  |  | necessarily *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **effect** |  |  | Him *= he* |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be this as it may, it is worth while to know the extravagant hypotheses which ancient Jewish philosophers and theologians framed as soon as they began to contemplate and to reason, endeavoring to combine oriental and Greek theories. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Be this as it may, it is worth while to know the extravagant hypotheses which ancient Jewish philosophers and theologians framed as soon as they began to contemplate and to reason, endeavoring to combine oriental and Greek theories.

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x2:1
# text = Be this as it may, it is worth while to know the extravagant hypotheses which ancient Jewish philosophers and theologians framed as soon as they began to contemplate and to reason, endeavoring to combine oriental and Greek theories.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	1	nsubj	_	_
3	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	csubj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	extravagant	extravagant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
17	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	philosophers	philosopher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	theologians	theologian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
22	framed	frame	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
23	as	as	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	27	advmod	_	_
25	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	contemplate	contemplate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	TO	_	32	case	_	_
32	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	endeavoring	endeavor	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	nmod	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	combine	combine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	xcomp	_	_
37	oriental	oriental	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
39	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	theories	theory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive | it |  |  |  |  | worth *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | to-infinitive |  | the extravagant hypotheses |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer hypothesis=Stimulus |
| 3 | **philosopher** |  | the extravagant hypotheses |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **frame** | participle |  | ancient Jewish philosophers and theologians *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **begin** | past | hypotheses *= hypothesis* |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **contemplate** | to-infinitive | hypotheses *= hypothesis* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **endeavor** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **combine** | to-infinitive |  | oriental and Greek theories |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oriental=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
61) doubts whether there ever was a Pythagoras, althongh he has no doubt there existed a Pythagorean school of philosophers. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* 61) doubts whether there ever was a Pythagoras, althongh he has no doubt there existed a Pythagorean school of philosophers.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x3:1
# text = 61) doubts whether there ever was a Pythagoras, althongh he has no doubt there existed a Pythagorean school of philosophers.
1	61	61	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	1	punct	_	_
3	doubts	doubt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advcl	_	_
6	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	9	advmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Pythagoras	Pythagoras	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	althongh	althongh	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	15	det	_	_
15	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
17	existed	exist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	Pythagorean	pythagorean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	philosophers	philosopher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **doubt** | present | 61 |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | a Pythagoras |  |  | ever |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | he |  |  |  |  | althongh *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **exist** | past | no doubt | a Pythagorean school of philosophers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x3:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Socrates was a philosopher who asked lots of questions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x4:1
# text = Socrates was a philosopher who asked lots of questions.
1	Socrates	socrates	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	philosopher	philosopher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Socrates | a philosopher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | a philosopher | lots of questions |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lot=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Philosophers ask: what makes an action right or wrong?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x5:1
# text = Philosophers ask: what makes an action right or wrong?
1	Philosophers	philosopher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ask	ask	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	_
5	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | Philosophers |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | a action |  |  |  | right *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material action=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In P4C our class acted like philosophers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x6:1
# text = In P4C our class acted like philosophers.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	P4C	P4C	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	acted	act	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	philosophers	philosopher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **act** | participle | our class |  |  | P4C |  | like philosophers | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent like philosopher=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The philosopher's stone in the story turns metal into gold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x7:1
# text = The philosopher's stone in the story turns metal into gold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	philosopher	philosopher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the philosopher's stone in the story | metal |  | gold |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent metal=Theme into gold=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plato was a student of Socrates and a great philosopher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x8:1
# text = Plato was a student of Socrates and a great philosopher.
1	Plato	Plato	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Socrates	Socrates	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	philosopher	philosopher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Plato | a student and a great philosopher |  |  |  | of Socrates | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma is a philosopher about bad weather: «It'll pass».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x9:1
# text = Grandma is a philosopher about bad weather: «It'll pass».
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	philosopher	philosopher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Grandma | a philosopher |  |  |  | about bad weather | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** *in a quote* | future | weather |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some philosophers think animals have rights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x10:1
# text = Some philosophers think animals have rights.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	philosophers	philosopher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	rights	right	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | some philosophers |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | animals | rights |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This jewel was called the philosopher's stone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:philosopher:x11:1
# text = This jewel was called the philosopher's stone.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	jewel	jewel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	philosopher	philosopher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | this jewel |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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