---
title: phoenician — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «phoenician» in the Judaism dictionary: Belonging to Phoenicia, an ancient land of trading cities (like Tyre, Sidon and Byblos) on the coast of what is now Lebanon, about 1500–300 BC. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# phoenician

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Phoenician alphabet, Greek, Phoenicians, alphabet, Phoenician traders, Carthage · **What happens:** belong, be, come, advance, accord, sail · **To what, where:** ancient land, Phoenicia, coast, Lebanon, one, alphabet

<!-- .vabout -->
«phoenician» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [phoenician in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/phoenician.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Belonging to Phoenicia, an ancient land of trading cities (like Tyre, Sidon and Byblos) on the coast of what is now Lebanon, about 1500–300 BC.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:m1:1
# text = Belonging to Phoenicia, an ancient land of trading cities (like Tyre, Sidon and Byblos) on the coast of what is now Lebanon, about 1500–300 BC.
1	Belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Phoenicia	Phoenicia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	trading	trading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Tyre	Tyre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Sidon	Sidon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Byblos	Byblos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nmod	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
26	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	about	about	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	1500	1500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	31	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	29	nmod	_	_
32	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | gerund |  | a ancient land of trading cities | Phoenicia | the coast |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | Lebanon |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person from Phoenicia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:m2:1
# text = A person from Phoenicia.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Phoenicia	Phoenicia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Phoenician alphabet was one of the first alphabets, with letters for sounds; Greek, Latin and our ABC came from it.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:m3:1
# text = The Phoenician alphabet was one of the first alphabets, with letters for sounds; Greek, Latin and our ABC came from it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	alphabets	alphabet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
16	Greek	Greek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	ABC	abc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
22	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Phoenician alphabet | one |  |  |  | of the first alphabets and letters for sounds | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | Greek and Latin and our ABC |  |  | alphabet |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from it=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Various sources such as Egyptian, Indian, Greek, Phoenician, Hebrew, etc., have been advanced as the origin of the Pythagorean philosophy. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Various sources such as Egyptian, Indian, Greek, Phoenician, Hebrew, etc., have been advanced as the origin of the Pythagorean philosophy.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:x1:1
# text = Various sources such as Egyptian, Indian, Greek, Phoenician, Hebrew, etc., have been advanced as the origin of the Pythagorean philosophy.
1	Various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sources	source	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	5	case	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	Egyptian	Egyptian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Phoenician	Phoenician	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Hebrew	Hebrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	etc.	etc.	NOUN	FW	Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	advanced	advance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Pythagorean	pythagorean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **advance** | present · perfect · passive |  | Various sources such Egyptian  Phoenician and Hebrew and etc. |  |  |  | as the origin of the Pythagorean philosophy | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Phoenicians sailed all over the Mediterranean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:x2:1
# text = The Phoenicians sailed all over the Mediterranean.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Phoenicians	Phoenician	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | the Phoenicians |  |  | the Mediterranean |  | all *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over mediterranean=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our alphabet comes from the Phoenician alphabet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:x3:1
# text = Our alphabet comes from the Phoenician alphabet.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Our alphabet |  |  | the Phoenician alphabet |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from alphabet=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Phoenician traders sold purple dye and cedar wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:x4:1
# text = Phoenician traders sold purple dye and cedar wood.
1	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	traders	trader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	cedar	cedar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | Phoenician traders | purple dye and cedar wood |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dye=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carthage was a Phoenician city in North Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:x5:1
# text = Carthage was a Phoenician city in North Africa.
1	Carthage	carthage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Carthage | a Phoenician city |  | North Africa |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Phoenician letter aleph became the Greek alpha and our A.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:x6:1
# text = The Phoenician letter aleph became the Greek alpha and our A.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	aleph	aleph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	alpha	alpha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	A.	A.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the Phoenician letter aleph | the Greek alpha and our A. |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tyre was a rich Phoenician port.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:phoenician:x7:1
# text = Tyre was a rich Phoenician port.
1	Tyre	tyre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Phoenician	phoenician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	port	port	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Tyre | a rich Phoenician port |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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