---
title: plague — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «plague» in the Judaism dictionary: A plague is a serious disease that spreads quickly and kills many people; "the plague" usually means bubonic plague, the Black Death of the Middle Ages, spread by fleas on rats. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# plague

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plague, serious disease, ten plagues, God, firstborn, something · **What happens:** be, spread, kill, mean, send, die · **To what, where:** serious disease, many people, bubonic plague, rats, disasters, Egypt

<!-- .vabout -->
«plague» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [plague in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/plague.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plague is a serious disease that spreads quickly and kills many people; "the plague" usually means bubonic plague, the Black Death of the Middle Ages, spread by fleas on rats.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:m1:1
# text = A plague is a serious disease that spreads quickly and kills many people; "the plague" usually means bubonic plague, the Black Death of the Middle Ages, spread by fleas on rats.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	kills	kill	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
21	bubonic	bubonic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	Death	Death	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	flat	_	_
30	Ages	Age	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
33	by	by	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	fleas	flea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
35	on	on	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plague | a serious disease |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | present | a serious disease |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **kill** | present | a serious disease *not said here* | many people |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 4 | **mean** | present | the plague | bubonic plague |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plague=Topic |
| 5 | **spread** | participle | the plague *not said here* |  |  | rats |  | by fleas | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by flea=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ten plagues were the disasters God sent on Egypt in Exodus — such as frogs, locusts, darkness and the death of the firstborn — so Pharaoh would free the Israelites.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:m2:1
# text = The ten plagues were the disasters God sent on Egypt in Exodus — such as frogs, locusts, darkness and the death of the firstborn — so Pharaoh would free the Israelites.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	plagues	plague	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	disasters	disaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Exodus	Exodus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	locusts	locust	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	firstborn	firstborn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
28	so	so	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
29	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
30	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Israelites	Israelite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the ten plagues | the disasters and frogs and locusts and darkness and the death of the firstborn |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | past | God | the disasters and frogs and locusts and darkness and the death of the firstborn *not said here* |  | Egypt |  | in Exodus | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent disaster=Theme in exodus=Destination |
| 3 | **die** |  | the firstborn |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plague of something is a huge, annoying number of it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:m3:1
# text = A plague of something is a huge, annoying number of it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	annoying	annoying	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plague of something | a huge annoying number |  |  |  | of number | tree rules |
| 2 | **plague** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom plague «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a plague of wasps".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:m3e:1
# text = "a plague of wasps".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	wasps	wasp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plague** *in a quote* |  |  | wasps |  |  |  |  | nom plague «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To plague someone is to keep bothering or troubling them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:m4:1
# text = To plague someone is to keep bothering or troubling them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	plague	plague	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	bothering	bother	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	troubling	trouble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	conj	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plague** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | keep *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **bother** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **trouble** | gerund |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old-fashioned curse, such as "a plague on" someone, is a wish that something bad will happen to them.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:m5:1
# text = An old-fashioned curse, such as "a plague on" someone, is a wish that something bad will happen to them.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	curse	curse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	wish	wish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	23	nsubj	_	_
21	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
22	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	acl	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a plague on someone |  |  |  |  | such a wish | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | future | something | a wish *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So the plague was stayed from the children of Israel. (Torah NUM.25.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* So the plague was stayed from the children of Israel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x1:1
# text = So the plague was stayed from the children of Israel.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	stayed	stay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past · passive |  | the plague |  |  |  | from the children of Israel | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: subject=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.25.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x1:2
# text = (Torah NUM.25.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.25.8	NUM.25.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And those that died by the plague were twenty and four thousand. (Torah NUM.25.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And those that died by the plague were twenty and four thousand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x2:1
# text = And those that died by the plague were twenty and four thousand.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
2	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	12	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	compound	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	conj	_	_
12	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past |  |  |  |  |  | by the plague | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | past | those | twenty thousand |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.25.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x2:2
# text = (Torah NUM.25.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.25.9	NUM.25.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he stood between the dead and the living; and the plague was stayed. (Torah NUM.16.48, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he stood between the dead and the living; and the plague was stayed.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x3:1
# text = And he stood between the dead and the living; and the plague was stayed.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	stayed	stay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | he |  |  | the dead and the living |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent between dead=Location |
| 2 | **stay** | past · passive |  | the plague |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: subject=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.16.48, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x3:2
# text = (Torah NUM.16.48, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.16.48	NUM.16.48	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then stood up Phinehas, and wrought judgment, and so the plague was stayed. (Writings PSA.106.30, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then stood up Phinehas, and wrought judgment, and so the plague was stayed.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x4:1
# text = Then stood up Phinehas, and wrought judgment, and so the plague was stayed.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	Phinehas	Phinehas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	wrought	wrought	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	stayed	stay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | past |  | wrought judgment |  |  | then |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stay** | past · passive |  | the plague |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: subject=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.106.30, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.106.30, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.106.30	PSA.106.30	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the trouble of man they are not; neither are they plagued like men. (Writings PSA.73.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In the trouble of man they are not; neither are they plagued like men.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x5:1
# text = In the trouble of man they are not; neither are they plagued like men.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	neither	neither	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	plagued	plague	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **plague** | present · passive |  | they |  | the trouble of man |  | like men | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **trouble** |  |  | man |  |  |  |  | nom trouble «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.73.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.73.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.73.5	PSA.73.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For all the day have I been plagued, and my chastisement came every morning. (Writings PSA.73.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For all the day have I been plagued, and my chastisement came every morning.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x6:1
# text = For all the day have I been plagued, and my chastisement came every morning.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	plagued	plague	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	chastisement	chastisement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
14	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plague** | present · perfect · passive |  | I |  |  | day |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **come** | past | my chastisement |  |  |  | morning |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **chastise** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom chastisement «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.73.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.73.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.73.14	PSA.73.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plague spread through the city, carried by fleas on rats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x7:1
# text = The plague spread through the city, carried by fleas on rats.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fleas	flea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | the plague |  |  | the city |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through city=Location |
| 2 | **carry** | participle |  | the city *not said here* |  | rats |  | by fleas | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fourth plague was swarms of flies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x8:1
# text = The fourth plague was swarms of flies.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	swarms	swarm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flies	fly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the fourth plague | swarms |  |  |  | of flies | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Locusts came in a plague and ate the crops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x9:1
# text = Locusts came in a plague and ate the crops.
1	Locusts	locust	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Locusts |  |  | a plague |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in plague=Location |
| 2 | **eat** | past | Locusts *not said here* | the crops |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The village of Eyam stayed apart so the plague would not spread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x10:1
# text = The village of Eyam stayed apart so the plague would not spread.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Eyam	Eyam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | the village of Eyam |  |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **spread** | would | the plague |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our picnic was plagued by wasps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x11:1
# text = Our picnic was plagued by wasps.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	plagued	plague	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	wasps	wasp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plague** | past · passive | wasps | Our picnic |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I avoid spiders like the plague.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x12:1
# text = I avoid spiders like the plague.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	avoid	avoid	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	spiders	spider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | present | I | spiders |  |  |  | like the plague | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent spider=Location |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was plagued by worries before the test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x13:1
# text = He was plagued by worries before the test.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	plagued	plague	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	worries	worry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plague** | past · passive | worries | He |  |  | before the test |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plague on the shrew and on her pudding!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:plague:x14:1
# text = A plague on the shrew and on her pudding!
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shrew	shrew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	pudding	pudding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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