---
title: polish — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «polish» in the Judaism dictionary: To rub something to make it smooth and shiny. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# polish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Note, hands, body, princes, polishing, He · **What happens:** rub, make, use, improve, polish, mean · **To what, where:** something, it, wax, things, story, Poland

<!-- .vabout -->
«polish» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [polish in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/polish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rub something to make it smooth and shiny.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:m1:1
# text = To rub something to make it smooth and shiny.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rub	rub	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | smooth *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cream, liquid or wax used to make things shiny: «shoe polish», «nail polish».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:m2:1
# text = A cream, liquid or wax used to make things shiny: «shoe polish», «nail polish».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	liquid	liquid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	wax	wax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	polish	polish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	polish	polish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | wax *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | things |  |  |  | shiny *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To improve something to make it better: «polish your story».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:m3:1
# text = To improve something to make it better: «polish your story».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	improve	improve	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	polish	polish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | good *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 3 | **polish** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | your story |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent story=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A smooth shine. Note: «Polish» with a capital P means from Poland.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A smooth shine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:m4:1
# text = A smooth shine.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shine	shine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Note: «Polish» with a capital P means from Poland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:m4:2
# text = Note: «Polish» with a capital P means from Poland.
1	Note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Polish	polish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	P	p	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Poland	Poland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Note |  |  | Poland |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To polish off something is to finish it quickly, such as eating all of a meal.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:m5:1
# text = To polish off something is to finish it quickly, such as eating all of a meal.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	polish	polish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	finish	finish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **polish off** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | finish, quickly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **eat** | gerund |  | all |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His hands are as rods of gold set with beryl; his body is as polished ivory overlaid with sapphires. (Writings SNG.5.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* His hands are as rods of gold set with beryl; his body is as polished ivory overlaid with sapphires.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x1:1
# text = His hands are as rods of gold set with beryl; his body is as polished ivory overlaid with sapphires.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rods	rod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	beryl	beryl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	as	as	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	ivory	ivory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
18	overlaid	overlay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	sapphires	sapphire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | His hands |  |  |  |  | as rods and polished ivory; of gold set with beryl | tree rules |
| 2 | **polish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | his body | polished ivory |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **overlay** | participle |  | polished ivory *not said here* |  |  |  | with sapphires | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings SNG.5.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x1:2
# text = (Writings SNG.5.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	SNG.5.14	SNG.5.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her princes were purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, they were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing was as of sapphire; (Writings LAM.4.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x2:1
# text = Her princes were purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, they were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing was as of sapphire; (Writings LAM.4.7, JPS 1917)
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	purer	pure	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	whiter	white	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
11	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	17	advmod	_	_
17	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	than	than	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	rubies	ruby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	polishing	polishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
30	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
32	LAM.4.7	LAM.4.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	flat	_	_
35	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	32	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	31	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her princes |  |  |  |  | than snow; pure *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | princes *= prince* |  |  |  |  | than milk; white *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | princes *= prince* |  |  | body |  | than rubies; ruddy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | princes's polishing |  |  |  |  | as sapphire | tree rules |
| 5 | **polish** |  | princes *= prince* |  |  |  |  |  | nom polishing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And He hath made my mouth like a sharp sword, in the shadow of His hand hath He hid me; and He hath made me a polished shaft, in His quiver hath He concealed me; (Prophets ISA.49.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x3:1
# text = And He hath made my mouth like a sharp sword, in the shadow of His hand hath He hid me; and He hath made me a polished shaft, in His quiver hath He concealed me; (Prophets ISA.49.2, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
18	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
21	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
26	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	ccomp	_	_
27	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	amod	_	_
30	shaft	shaft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	quiver	quiver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
35	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
36	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	ccomp	_	_
38	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
40	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
42	ISA.49.2	ISA.49.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
44	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	flat	_	_
45	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	42	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	41	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | He |  |  |  | like a sharp sword; Prophets *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary mouth=Product |
| 2 | **have** | present |  |  |  | the shadow |  | of His hand | tree rules |
| 3 | **hide** | past | He | me |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |
| 4 | **have** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **make** | past | He *not said here* | a polished shaft | me |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset i=Beneficiary shaft=Product |
| 6 | **polish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **have** | present | He *not said here* |  |  | His quiver |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **conceal** | past | He | me |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |
| 9 | **quiver** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom quiver «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He polished his shoes until they shone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x4:1
# text = He polished his shoes until they shone.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	polished	polish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **polish** | past | He | his shoes |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent shoe=Destination |
| 2 | **shine** | past | shoes *= shoe* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum put on red nail polish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x5:1
# text = Mum put on red nail polish.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	polish	polish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | Mum |  |  | red nail polish |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on polish=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polish the table with a soft cloth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x6:1
# text = Polish the table with a soft cloth.
1	Polish	polish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **polish** | imperative | you *not said here* | the table |  |  |  | with a soft cloth | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent table=Destination with cloth=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spend ten minutes polishing your story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x7:1
# text = Spend ten minutes polishing your story.
1	Spend	spend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	polishing	polish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | minute |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **polish** | gerund | ten minutes *not said here* | your story |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent story=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He polished off the whole pizza.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x8:1
# text = He polished off the whole pizza.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	polished	polish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **polish off** | past | He | the whole pizza |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent pizza=Destination |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old coin had a nice polish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x9:1
# text = The old coin had a nice polish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	nice	nice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	polish	polish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old coin | a nice polish |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent polish=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep nail polish remover away from little children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x10:1
# text = Keep nail polish remover away from little children.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	polish	polish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	remover	remover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | nail |  |  |  | away *property* | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent nail=Theme remover=Attribute |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You must have seen old Kerick polishing off a drove.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:polish:x11:1
# text = You must have seen old Kerick polishing off a drove.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Kerick	Kerick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	polishing	polish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | must · perfect | You | old Kerick |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer kerick=Stimulus |
| 2 | **polish off** | gerund | You *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **drive** | past | You *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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