---
title: porter — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «porter» in the Judaism dictionary: A porter is a person whose job is to carry bags or loads, for example at a station or a hotel. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# porter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** porter, job, doorkeeper, porters · **What happens:** be, guard, call, tell, carry, open · **To what, where:** person, station, doorkeeper, gate, set office, porters · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«porter» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [porter in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/porter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A porter is a person whose job is to carry bags or loads, for example at a station or a hotel.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:m1:1
# text = A porter is a person whose job is to carry bags or loads, for example at a station or a hotel.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	loads	load	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	hotel	hotel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a porter | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | job |  |  | a station or a hotel |  | for example; carry *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A porter is a doorkeeper who guards the gate or entrance of a building.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:m2:1
# text = A porter is a doorkeeper who guards the gate or entrance of a building.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	doorkeeper	doorkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	guards	guard	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a porter | a doorkeeper |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **guard** | present | a doorkeeper | the gate or entrance of a building |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gate=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
for the four chief porters were in a set office. (Writings 1CH.9.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* for the four chief porters were in a set office.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:x1:1
# text = for the four chief porters were in a set office.
1	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	porters	porter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	set	set	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  | a set office |  | for the four chief porters | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 1CH.9.26, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:x1:2
# text = (Writings 1CH.9.26, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1CH.9.26	1CH.9.26	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the porters called, and they told it to the king's household within. (Prophets 2KI.7.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the porters called, and they told it to the king's household within.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:x2:1
# text = And the porters called, and they told it to the king's household within.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	porters	porter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	within	within	ADP	IN	_	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle · passive |  | the porters |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | porters *= porter* | it | the king's household |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Topic to household=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2KI.7.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:x2:2
# text = (Prophets 2KI.7.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2KI.7.11	2KI.7.11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the four sides were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south. (Writings 1CH.9.24, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* On the four sides were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:x3:1
# text = On the four sides were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	porters	porter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	west	west	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	north	north	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	south	south	ADV	RB	_	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | the porters and the east |  | the four sides |  | west *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 1CH.9.24, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:x3:2
# text = (Writings 1CH.9.24, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1CH.9.24	1CH.9.24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The porter carried our bags to the train.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:x4:1
# text = The porter carried our bags to the train.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the porter | our bags |  | the train |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bag=Theme to train=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The porters carried the baskets up the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:x5:1
# text = The porters carried the baskets up the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	porters	porter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	baskets	basket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the porters | the baskets |  |  |  | up the hill | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent basket=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The porter opened the great gate for the visitors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:porter:x6:1
# text = The porter opened the great gate for the visitors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | the porter | the great gate |  |  |  | for the visitors | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location gate=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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