---
title: pray — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pray» in the Judaism dictionary: To speak to God or a god, to give thanks, ask for help or say you are sorry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pray

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, something, We, I, he, Thy · **What happens:** speak, give, ask, say, be, hope · **To what, where:** God, thanks, her, glory, me, Thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pray» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pray in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/pray.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To speak to God or a god, to give thanks, ask for help or say you are sorry.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:m1:1
# text = To speak to God or a god, to give thanks, ask for help or say you are sorry.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  | God or a god |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to god=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | thanks |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thanks=Theme |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for help | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hope very strongly that something will happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:m2:1
# text = To hope very strongly that something will happen.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hope	hope	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hope** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | strongly *property* | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **happen** | future | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"We prayed for sunshine on sports day."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:m2e:1
# text = "We prayed for sunshine on sports day."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prayed	pray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	compound	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** *in a quote* | past | We |  |  |  | day | for sunshine | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for sunshine=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old-fashioned English, pray can mean please.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:m3:1
# text = In old-fashioned English, pray can mean please.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can · present |  |  |  |  |  | in fashioned English | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in english=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I pray you give her unto him to wife. (Torah GEN.34.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I pray you give her unto him to wife.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x1:1
# text = I pray you give her unto him to wife.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | you |  | her *= she* |  |  | unto him *= he* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.34.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.34.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.34.8	GEN.34.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said: 'Show me, I pray Thee, Thy glory.' (Torah EXO.33.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he said: 'Show me, I pray Thee, Thy glory.'

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x2:1
# text = And he said: 'Show me, I pray Thee, Thy glory.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	Thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **show** | infinitive |  | Thy glory | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |
| 3 | **pray** | present | I | Thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **glory** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom glory «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.33.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.33.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.33.18	EXO.33.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and said: 'Whose daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee. (Torah GEN.24.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* and said: 'Whose daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x3:1
# text = and said: 'Whose daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
4	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
8	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
10	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
15	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |
| 3 | **pray** | present | I | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.24.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x3:2
# text = (Torah GEN.24.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.24.23	GEN.24.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Hezekiah prayed unto the LORD, saying: (Prophets ISA.37.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x4:1
# text = And Hezekiah prayed unto the LORD, saying: (Prophets ISA.37.15, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Hezekiah	Hezekiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prayed	pray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
12	ISA.37.15	ISA.37.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
15	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | past | Hezekiah | Prophets |  |  |  | unto the LORD | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Hezekiah *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I pray you, let us leave off this exaction. (Writings NEH.5.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I pray you, let us leave off this exaction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x5:1
# text = I pray you, let us leave off this exaction.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	exaction	exaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | I | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | I *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave off** | infinitive | us *not said here* | this exaction |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exaction=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings NEH.5.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x5:2
# text = (Writings NEH.5.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	NEH.5.10	NEH.5.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remember, I pray thee, who ever perished, being innocent? (Writings JOB.4.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Remember, I pray thee, who ever perished, being innocent?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x6:1
# text = Remember, I pray thee, who ever perished, being innocent?
1	Remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	9	advmod	_	_
9	perished	perish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	_
12	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **pray** | present | I | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **perish** | past |  |  |  |  | ever |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | innocent *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.4.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x6:2
# text = (Writings JOB.4.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.4.7	JOB.4.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some families pray before they eat dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x7:1
# text = Some families pray before they eat dinner.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | some families |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **eat** | present | families *= family* | dinner |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Muslims pray five times a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x8:1
# text = Muslims pray five times a day.
1	Muslims	Muslim	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | Muslims |  |  |  | time |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma prays for us every night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x9:1
# text = Grandma prays for us every night.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prays	pray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | Grandma |  |  |  | night | for us | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for we=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmers prayed for rain after the long dry summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x10:1
# text = The farmers prayed for rain after the long dry summer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prayed	pray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | past | the farmers |  |  |  | summer | for rain | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for rain=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were all praying that the bus would not be late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x11:1
# text = We were all praying that the bus would not be late.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	all	all	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	praying	pray	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | past · progressive | We |  |  |  |  | all *property* | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **not** **is** | would | the bus |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In assembly we learned how Hindus pray at a temple.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x12:1
# text = In assembly we learned how Hindus pray at a temple.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	assembly	assembly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	Hindus	Hindu	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	temple	temple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | we |  |  | assembly |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **pray** | present | Hindus |  |  | a temple |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He knelt down to pray in the church.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x13:1
# text = He knelt down to pray in the church.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knelt	kneel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pray	pray	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kneel down** | past | He |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pray** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  | the church |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Take it pray, as a present!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:pray:x14:1
# text = "Take it pray, as a present!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	pray	pray	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  | as a present | tree rules |
| 2 | **pray** *in a quote* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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