---
title: presumably — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «presumably» in the Judaism dictionary: As you would guess or expect; probably. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# presumably

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, anatomy, He, bus, Rabbit, door · **What happens:** guess, expect, slaughter, be, have, make · **To what, where:** hand knowledge, readers, snow, homework, tracks, one

<!-- .vabout -->
«presumably» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [presumably in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/presumably.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As you would guess or expect; probably.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:m1:1
# text = As you would guess or expect; probably.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	guess	guess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	expect	expect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
8	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guess** | would | you |  |  |  |  | probably *property* | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **expect** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Presumably, the anatomy of slaughtered livestock would have been fairly familiar to many writers and readers of the time, while blessedly few indeed would have had first-hand knowledge of human innards.\] Like what did He make them? (A city) \[strife\]. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Presumably, the anatomy of slaughtered livestock would have been fairly familiar to many writers and readers of the time, while blessedly few indeed would have had first-hand knowledge of human innards.\]

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x1:1
# text = Presumably, the anatomy of slaughtered livestock would have been fairly familiar to many writers and readers of the time, while blessedly few indeed would have had first-hand knowledge of human innards.]
1	Presumably	presumably	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	anatomy	anatomy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	slaughtered	slaughter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	livestock	livestock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	_
11	fairly	fairly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	familiar	familiar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	readers	reader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
22	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
23	blessedly	blessedly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	advcl	_	_
25	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	aux	_	_
28	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	parataxis	_	_
29	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	31	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	innards	innards	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slaughter** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | would · perfect | the anatomy of slaughtered livestock |  |  |  |  | to many writers and readers of the time; fairly, familiar, presumably *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | would · perfect |  | hand knowledge of human innards |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Like what did He make them?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x1:2
# text = Like what did He make them?
1	Like	like	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · do-support | He | readers *= reader* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset what=Beneficiary they=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (A city) \[strife\].

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x1:3
# text = (A city) [strife].
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	strife	strife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x1:4
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Presumably the bus will be late in this snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x2:1
# text = Presumably the bus will be late in this snow.
1	Presumably	presumably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | future | the bus |  |  | this snow |  | late, presumably *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Rabbit was presumably late again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x3:1
# text = The Rabbit was presumably late again.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	presumably	presumably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Rabbit |  |  |  |  | again, late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Presumably you've done your homework?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x4:1
# text = Presumably you've done your homework?
1	Presumably	presumably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present · perfect | you | your homework |  |  |  | presumably *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The door was open, presumably left by the cat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x5:1
# text = The door was open, presumably left by the cat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	presumably	presumably	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the door |  |  |  |  | open *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | participle | the door *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the cat; presumably *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by cat=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tracks were presumably made by a fox.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x6:1
# text = The tracks were presumably made by a fox.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tracks	track	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	presumably	presumably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive | a fox | the tracks |  |  |  | presumably *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Presumably they will come after lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x7:1
# text = Presumably they will come after lunch.
1	Presumably	presumably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | future | they |  |  |  | after lunch | presumably *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Mr Samber" was presumably one Robert Samber of New Inn, who translated other tales from the French, for Edmond Curl the bookseller, about this time.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:presumably:x8:1
# text = "Mr Samber" was presumably one Robert Samber of New Inn, who translated other tales from the French, for Edmond Curl the bookseller, about this time.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Samber	Samber	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	presumably	presumably	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
8	Robert	Robert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Samber	Samber	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Inn	Inn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	translated	translate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	Edmond	Edmond	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Curl	Curl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	bookseller	bookseller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	about	about	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	det	_	_
30	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Mr Samber | one |  |  |  | presumably *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **translate** | past | Robert Samber of New Inn | other tales |  | the French |  | for Edmond Curl and this time | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP.patient PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent tale=Patient from french=Initial\_State |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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