---
title: promise — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «promise» in the Judaism dictionary: To say that you will certainly do something, or that something will certainly happen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# promise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, something, dark clouds, that, LORD, ye · **What happens:** say, do, happen, promise, show, be · **To what, where:** something, noun, signs, rain, LORD, own treasure · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«promise» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [promise in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/promise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To say that you will certainly do something, or that something will certainly happen.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:m1:1
# text = To say that you will certainly do something, or that something will certainly happen.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	nsubj	_	_
13	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | future | you | something |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **happen** | future | something |  |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A noun: what you say when you promise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:m2:1
# text = A noun: what you say when you promise.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	promise	promise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | you | a noun |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **promise** *speech: promise* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To show signs that something will happen or be good: «dark clouds promise rain»; «a promising young player».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:m3:1
# text = To show signs that something will happen or be good: «dark clouds promise rain»; «a promising young player».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	promise	promise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
16	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	promising	promise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	amod	_	_
22	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | signs |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent sign=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **happen** | future | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **promise** *speech: promise* *in a quote* | present | dark clouds | rain |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent rain=Theme |
| 5 | **promise** *speech: promise* *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD hath avouched thee this day to be His own treasure, as He hath promised thee, and that thou shouldest keep all His commandments; (Torah DEU.26.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x1:1
# text = And the LORD hath avouched thee this day to be His own treasure, as He hath promised thee, and that thou shouldest keep all His commandments; (Torah DEU.26.18, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	avouched	avouch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	obj	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
11	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
19	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	nsubj	_	_
23	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nsubj	_	_
24	shouldest	should	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
26	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	28	det:predet	_	_
27	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	commandments	commandment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
30	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	DEU.26.18	DEU.26.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	appos	_	_
35	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	34	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	34	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avouch** | present · passive |  | the LORD |  |  | day | Torah DEU.26.18 *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | LORD's own treasure |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **promise** *speech: promise* | present · passive |  | LORD | thee |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal thou=Theme |
| 4 | **keep** | should | that | LORD's commandments |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent commandment=Theme |
| 5 | **command** |  | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The LORD, the God of your fathers, make you a thousand times so many more as ye are, and bless you, as He hath promised you! — (Torah DEU.1.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x2:1
# text = The LORD, the God of your fathers, make you a thousand times so many more as ye are, and bless you, as He hath promised you! — (Torah DEU.1.11, JPS 1917)
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	obj	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nsubj	_	_
20	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	bless	bless	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	parataxis	_	_
29	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	ccomp	_	_
30	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
32	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
33	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	DEU.1.11	DEU.1.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	_
38	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	37	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	37	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | infinitive | the LORD | many more | you |  | time | Torah DEU.1.11 *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset you=Beneficiary more=Product |
| 2 | **be** | present | ye |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bless** | infinitive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | present | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | LORD *not said here* |  | you |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as He hath promised, that ye shall keep this service. (Torah EXO.12.25, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as He hath promised, that ye shall keep this service.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x3:1
# text = And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as He hath promised, that ye shall keep this service.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	according	accord	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
23	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
26	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	31	nsubj	_	_
29	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	31	nsubj	_	_
30	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
32	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	33	det	_	_
33	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | shall | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | infinitive · passive |  | ye |  |  |  | to the land | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **give** | future | the LORD | the land | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient which=Theme |
| 5 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **have** | present | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **promise** *speech: promise* | participle | LORD *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **keep** | shall | that | this service |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent service=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.12.25, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x3:2
# text = (Torah EXO.12.25, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.12.25	EXO.12.25	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the people did according to this promise. (Writings NEH.5.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the people did according to this promise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x4:1
# text = And the people did according to this promise.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	case	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the people |  |  |  |  | accord this promise | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings NEH.5.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x4:2
# text = (Writings NEH.5.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	NEH.5.13	NEH.5.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is His promise come to an end for evermore? (Writings PSA.77.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Is His promise come to an end for evermore?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x5:1
# text = Is His promise come to an end for evermore?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	evermore	evermore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | His promise |  |  |  | to a end for evermore |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to end=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **promise** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.77.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.77.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.77.9	PSA.77.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And now, O LORD, Thou alone art God, and hast promised this good thing unto Thy servant; (Writings 1CH.17.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x6:1
# text = And now, O LORD, Thou alone art God, and hast promised this good thing unto Thy servant; (Writings 1CH.17.26, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nsubj	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	hast	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	ccomp	_	_
15	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
16	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
24	1CH.17.26	1CH.17.26	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
27	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **promise** *speech: promise* | participle |  | this good thing |  |  |  | unto Thy servant | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I promise to tidy my room after lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x7:1
# text = I promise to tidy my room after lunch.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	promise	promise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	tidy	tidy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **tidy** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | my room |  |  | after lunch |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She kept her promise and came to my party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x8:1
# text = She kept her promise and came to my party.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | She | her promise |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | She *not said here* |  |  | my party |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to party=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **promise** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He broke his promise, and his friend was upset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x9:1
# text = He broke his promise, and his friend was upset.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | He | his promise |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer promise=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | his friend |  |  |  |  | upset *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **promise** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't make promises you can't keep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x10:1
# text = Don't make promises you can't keep.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	promises	promise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **make** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | promises |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset promise=Product |
| 2 | **not** **keep** | can | you | promises *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad promised we would go to the beach on Sunday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x11:1
# text = Dad promised we would go to the beach on Sunday.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | would | we |  |  | the beach | sunday |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to beach=Initial\_Location |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a pinky promise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x12:1
# text = We made a pinky promise.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	pinky	pinky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a pinky promise |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Product |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grey sky promised rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x13:1
# text = The grey sky promised rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | participle | the grey sky *not said here* | rain |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent rain=Theme |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is a promising swimmer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x14:1
# text = She is a promising swimmer.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	promising	promise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | She | a promising swimmer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You promised you'd pay me to-day."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:promise:x15:1
# text = You promised you'd pay me to-day."
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	'd	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **pay** | would | you |  | me |  | day |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Asset |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [P in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/)