---
title: proofread — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «proofread» in the Judaism dictionary: To read a piece of writing carefully to find and correct mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar before it is finished or printed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# proofread

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I, my, Proofreading, job, mum · **What happens:** read, find, finish, print, proofread, hand in · **To what, where:** piece, spelling, English Wikisource transcription, story, email, three spelling mistakes

<!-- .vabout -->
«proofread» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [proofread in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/proofread.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To read a piece of writing carefully to find and correct mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar before it is finished or printed.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:proofread:m1:1
# text = To read a piece of writing carefully to find and correct mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar before it is finished or printed.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	punctuation	punctuation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	grammar	grammar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
19	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | to-infinitive |  | a piece of writing |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Topic |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | spelling and punctuation and grammar |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **finish** | present · passive |  | piece |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |
| 4 | **print** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
PARTIAL: English Wikisource transcription (proofread from Index:Sepher Yetzirah.djvu) — only Preface to the Second Edition, Introduction, and the text (chapters I-VI). (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* PARTIAL: English Wikisource transcription (proofread from Index:Sepher Yetzirah.djvu) — only Preface to the Second Edition, Introduction, and the text (chapters I-VI).

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:proofread:x1:1
# text = PARTIAL: English Wikisource transcription (proofread from Index:Sepher Yetzirah.djvu) — only Preface to the Second Edition, Introduction, and the text (chapters I-VI).
1	PARTIAL	partial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
3	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
4	Wikisource	wikisource	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	transcription	transcription	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	proofread	proofread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Index:Sepher	Index:Sepher	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl:agent	_	_
10	Yetzirah.djvu	Yetzirah.djvu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	Preface	preface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	18	amod	_	_
18	Edition	edition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Introduction	introduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	chapters	chapter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	appos	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	VI	VI	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	26	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **proofread** | participle |  | English Wikisource transcription and Preface to the Second Edition and Introduction and the text *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:proofread:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always proofread your story before you hand it in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:proofread:x2:1
# text = Always proofread your story before you hand it in.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	proofread	proofread	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hand	hand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **proofread** | imperative | you *not said here* | your story |  |  |  | always *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme |
| 2 | **hand in** | present | you | story |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I proofread my email and found three spelling mistakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:proofread:x3:1
# text = I proofread my email and found three spelling mistakes.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	proofread	proofread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **proofread** | past | I | my email |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent email=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | past | I *not said here* | three spelling mistakes |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Topic |
| 3 | **email** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom email «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you proofread my letter, please?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:proofread:x4:1
# text = Can you proofread my letter, please?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	proofread	proofread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **proofread** | can | you | my letter |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |
| 2 | **letter** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Proofreading helps you catch missing full stops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:proofread:x5:1
# text = Proofreading helps you catch missing full stops.
1	Proofreading	proofreading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Proofreading | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **catch** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | missing *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stop** | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My mum's job is to proofread books before they are printed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:proofread:x6:1
# text = My mum's job is to proofread books before they are printed.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	proofread	proofread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My mum's job |  |  |  |  | proofread *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **print** | present · passive |  | books *= book* |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **job** |  | My mum |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She proofreads by reading her work aloud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:proofread:x7:1
# text = She proofreads by reading her work aloud.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	proofreads	proofread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **proofread** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **read** | gerund | She *not said here* | her work |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Topic |
| 3 | **work** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spellchecker didn't notice "there" for "their", so proofread too.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:proofread:x8:1
# text = The spellchecker didn't notice "there" for "their", so proofread too.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spellchecker	spellchecker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	notice	notice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	proofread	proofread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
16	too	too	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **notice** | past · do-support | the spellchecker |  |  | there |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **proofread** | infinitive | the spellchecker *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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