---
title: putting — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «putting» in the Judaism dictionary: Putting means placing something somewhere: putting a book on the shelf. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# putting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Putting, I, number, rest, she, thou · **What happens:** put, mean, place, use, put off, delay · **To what, where:** something, book, shelf, many phrases, coat, job · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«putting» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [putting in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/putting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Putting means placing something somewhere: putting a book on the shelf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:m1:1
# text = Putting means placing something somewhere: putting a book on the shelf.
1	Putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	placing	place	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **place** *not said to happen* | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | somewhere *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 4 | **put** | gerund |  | a book |  | the shelf |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme on shelf=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Putting is used in many phrases: putting on a coat (dressing), putting off a job (delaying), putting up with something (accepting it).

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:m2:1
# text = Putting is used in many phrases: putting on a coat (dressing), putting off a job (delaying), putting up with something (accepting it).
1	Putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	phrases	phrase	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	dressing	dressing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
17	off	off	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	delaying	delay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
25	up	up	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	24	obl	_	_
28	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	accepting	accept	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	conj	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | present · passive | Putting |  |  | many phrases |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **put** | gerund | Putting *not said here* |  |  | a coat |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on coat=Destination |
| 4 | **put off** | gerund | Putting *not said here* | a job |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent job=Goal |
| 5 | **delay** | gerund | Putting *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **put up** | gerund | Putting *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with something | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **accept** | gerund | Putting *not said here* | job |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In golf, putting (said differently, to rhyme with «cutting») means hitting the ball gently along the grass towards the hole.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:m3:1
# text = In golf, putting (said differently, to rhyme with «cutting») means hitting the ball gently along the grass towards the hole.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	golf	golf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	csubj	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
7	differently	differently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	rhyme	rhyme	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
11	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
16	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
21	along	along	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | gerund |  |  |  | golf |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in golf=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | differently *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **rhyme** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **cut** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **mean** | present | putting |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **hit** *not said to happen* | gerund | putting *not said here* | the ball |  | the grass |  | towards the hole; gently *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent ball=Theme along grass=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the first edition I overlooked this word three; and putting and for as, made four classes of serving beings. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In the first edition I overlooked this word three; and putting and for as, made four classes of serving beings.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x1:1
# text = In the first edition I overlooked this word three; and putting and for as, made four classes of serving beings.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	edition	edition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	overlooked	overlook	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	as	as	ADV	RB	_	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
18	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	classes	class	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	serving	serve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	amod	_	_
22	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overlook** | past | I | this word |  | the first edition |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | past | I *not said here* | four classes of serving beings |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent class=Product for as=Asset |
| 4 | **serve** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men; but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water. (Prophets JDG.7.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men; but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x2:1
# text = And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men; but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lapped	lap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	compound	_	_
18	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
22	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	24	det:predet	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
29	down	down	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	advcl	_	_
35	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lap** | past | the number of them |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | the number of them *not said here* | their hand |  |  |  | to their mouth | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent hand=Goal |
| 3 | **is a** | past |  | hundred men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bow down** | past | all rest of the people |  |  | people's knees |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon knee=Location |
| 5 | **drink** | to-infinitive | all rest of the people *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.7.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.7.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.7.6	JDG.7.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And she said unto him: 'Not so, because this great wrong in putting me forth is worse than the other that thou didst unto me.' But he would not hearken unto her. (Prophets 2SA.13.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And she said unto him: 'Not so, because this great wrong in putting me forth is worse than the other that thou didst unto me.'

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x3:1
# text = And she said unto him: 'Not so, because this great wrong in putting me forth is worse than the other that thou didst unto me.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	nsubj	_	_
13	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
15	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	csubj	_	_
17	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	conj	_	_
21	than	than	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	obl	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nsubj	_	_
26	didst	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
27	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | she |  |  |  |  | unto him *= he* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **put** | gerund |  |  | me |  |  | forth *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent i=Goal |
| 3 | **is** | present | putting |  |  |  |  | than the other; bad *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | past | thou |  |  |  |  | unto me | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* But he would not hearken unto her.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x3:2
# text = But he would not hearken unto her.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **hearken** | would | he |  |  |  |  | unto her *= she* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Prophets 2SA.13.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x3:3
# text = (Prophets 2SA.13.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.13.16	2SA.13.16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For I hate putting away, saith the LORD, the God of Israel, and him that covereth his garment with violence, saith the LORD of hosts; therefore take heed to your spirit, that ye deal not treacherously. (Prophets MAL.2.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For I hate putting away, saith the LORD, the God of Israel, and him that covereth his garment with violence, saith the LORD of hosts; therefore take heed to your spirit, that ye deal not treacherously.

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x4:1
# text = For I hate putting away, saith the LORD, the God of Israel, and him that covereth his garment with violence, saith the LORD of hosts; therefore take heed to your spirit, that ye deal not treacherously.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hate	hate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	xcomp	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	covereth	cover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	garment	garment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
31	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
33	heed	heed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
38	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	obj	_	_
39	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	40	nsubj	_	_
40	deal	deal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
41	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	40	advmod	_	_
42	treacherously	treacherously	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hate** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **put away** *not said to happen* | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | the LORD |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lord=Topic |
| 4 | **cover** | present | Israel | Israel's garment |  |  |  | with violence | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent garment=Destination with violence=Theme |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | the LORD of hosts |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lord=Topic |
| 6 | **take** | infinitive |  | heed |  | your spirit |  | therefore *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent heed=Theme to spirit=Destination |
| 7 | **not** **deal** | present | ye | that |  |  |  | treacherously *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets MAL.2.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x4:2
# text = (Prophets MAL.2.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	MAL.2.16	MAL.2.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm putting my toys away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x5:1
# text = I'm putting my toys away.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put away** | present · progressive | I | my toys |  |  |  | away *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent toy=Goal |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is putting on her coat because it's cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x6:1
# text = She is putting on her coat because it's cold.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present · progressive | She |  |  | her coat |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on coat=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present | coat |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop putting off your homework!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x7:1
# text = Stop putting off your homework!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	xcomp	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **put off** | gerund | you *not said here* | your homework |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent homework=Goal |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad is putting up a shelf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x8:1
# text = Dad is putting up a shelf.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put up** | present · progressive | Dad | a shelf |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent shelf=Goal |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Putting on a seat belt keeps you safe in the car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x9:1
# text = Putting on a seat belt keeps you safe in the car.
1	Putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | gerund |  |  |  | a seat belt |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on belt=Destination |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Putting | you |  |  |  | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Putting three apples and two apples together makes five apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x10:1
# text = Putting three apples and two apples together makes five apples.
1	Putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	together	together	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
8	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | gerund |  | three apples and two apples |  |  |  | together *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent apple=Goal |
| 2 | **make** | present | Putting | five apples |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset apple=Product |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The firefighters are putting out the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x11:1
# text = The firefighters are putting out the fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	firefighters	firefighter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put out** | present · progressive | the firefighters | the fire |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent fire=Goal |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He practised putting on the mini-golf course.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x12:1
# text = He practised putting on the mini-golf course.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	practised	practise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	xcomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	mini	mini	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	golf	golf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  | the golf course |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on course=Destination |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I will," said Elfin, putting his arms around her.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:putting:x13:1
# text = "I will," said Elfin, putting his arms around her.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Elfin	Elfin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Elfin |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | Elfin *not said here* | Elfin's arms |  |  |  | around her *= she* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent arm=Theme around she=Destination |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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