---
title: rat — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rat» in the Judaism dictionary: A rodent like a large mouse, with a long thin tail, sharp teeth and grey or brown fur. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rats, something, rat, friend, you, bin lid · **What happens:** tell, say, go, run, have, call · **To what, where:** someone, alley, two pet rats, bin lid, wild rats, disease · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rat» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rat in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/rat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rodent like a large mouse, with a long thin tail, sharp teeth and grey or brown fur.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:m1:1
# text = A rodent like a large mouse, with a long thin tail, sharp teeth and grey or brown fur.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rodent	rodent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	_
20	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A nasty, mean or disloyal person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:m2:1
# text = A nasty, mean or disloyal person.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	disloyal	disloyal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rat on someone (informal): tell on someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:m3:1
# text = Rat on someone (informal): tell on someone.
1	Rat	rat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  | someone |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rats!: a mild word said when something goes wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:m4:1
# text = Rats!: a mild word said when something goes wrong.
1	Rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
10	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Rats |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | present | something |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rat ran across the alley.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:x1:1
# text = A rat ran across the alley.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rat	rat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	alley	alley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | a rat |  |  | the alley |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across alley=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend has two pet rats called Salt and Pepper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:x2:1
# text = My friend has two pet rats called Salt and Pepper.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	Salt	Salt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Pepper	Pepper	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My friend | two pet rats |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rat=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | two pet rats *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep the bin lid closed so rats can't get in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:x3:1
# text = Keep the bin lid closed so rats can't get in.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	bin	bin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
8	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the bin lid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **close** | participle | the bin lid *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **get in** | can | rats |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't touch wild rats — they can carry disease.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:x4:1
# text = Don't touch wild rats — they can carry disease.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
10	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **touch** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | wild rats |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme rat=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | can | rats *= rat* | disease |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rats can learn their way through a maze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:x5:1
# text = Rats can learn their way through a maze.
1	Rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	maze	maze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | can | Rats | Rats's way |  | a maze |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I came home from the rain looking like a drowned rat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:x6:1
# text = I came home from the rain looking like a drowned rat.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	home	home	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	drowned	drown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	rat	rat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | I |  |  | the rain |  | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from rain=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **look** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a drowned rat | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **drown** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Rats! I forgot my homework.»

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Rats!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:x7:1
# text = «Rats!
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* I forgot my homework.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:x7:2
# text = I forgot my homework.»
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forget** | past | I | my homework |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story's detective smelled a rat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:rat:x8:1
# text = The story's detective smelled a rat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rat	rat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the story's detective | a rat |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rat=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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