---
title: read — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «read» in the Judaism dictionary: To read is to look at written words and understand what they say. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# read

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** words, thermometer, read, time, he, people · **What happens:** read, be, write, understand, say, show · **To what, where:** written words, clock, time, reading, book, hearing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«read» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [read in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/read.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To read is to look at written words and understand what they say.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:m1:1
# text = To read is to look at written words and understand what they say.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	understand	understand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | written words |  | look *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **understand** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | words *= word* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To read aloud is to say the words out loud for others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:m2:1
# text = To read aloud is to say the words out loud for others.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	out	out	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	loud	loud	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for others; loud, say *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To read a clock, a map or a thermometer is to understand what it shows.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:m3:1
# text = To read a clock, a map or a thermometer is to understand what it shows.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	thermometer	thermometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	understand	understand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	obj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | to-infinitive |  | a clock and a map or a thermometer |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | understand *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **show** | present | thermometer |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A read is a time spent reading: a good read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:m4:1
# text = A read is a time spent reading: a good read.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	read	read	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl	_	_
7	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	read	read	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a read | a time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spend** | participle | a time *not said here* | reading |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reading=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the hearing of the people; and they said: 'All that the LORD hath spoken will we do, and obey.' (Torah EXO.24.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the hearing of the people; and they said: 'All that the LORD hath spoken will we do, and obey.'

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x1:1
# text = And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the hearing of the people; and they said: 'All that the LORD hath spoken will we do, and obey.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	ccomp	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
28	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
30	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
31	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	obey	obey	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | he | the book of the covenant |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  | the hearing of the people |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | future | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **obey** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn abide\_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **hear** |  | the people |  |  |  |  |  | nom hearing «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.24.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.24.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.24.7	EXO.24.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
when all Israel is come to appear before the LORD thy God in the place which He shall choose, thou shalt read this law before all Israel in their hearing. (Torah DEU.31.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* when all Israel is come to appear before the LORD thy God in the place which He shall choose, thou shalt read this law before all Israel in their hearing.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x2:1
# text = when all Israel is come to appear before the LORD thy God in the place which He shall choose, thou shalt read this law before all Israel in their hearing.
1	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	amod	_	_
11	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
17	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nsubj	_	_
22	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
24	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
25	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	before	before	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	det	_	_
28	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present · passive |  | all Israel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **appear** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the place | before thy LORD God |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before god=Location |
| 3 | **choose** | shall | the place |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **read** | shall | thou | this law |  | their hearing | before all Israel |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Topic |
| 5 | **hear** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom hearing «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.31.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.31.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.31.11	DEU.31.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The substance of this little volume was read as a (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x3:1
# text = The substance of this little volume was read as a (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past · passive |  | the substance of this little volume |  |  |  | as a Sefer | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as sefer=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me. (Writings EZR.4.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* the letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x4:1
# text = the letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	obj	_	_
4	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
8	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	plainly	plainly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | ye | the letter |  |  |  | unto us | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | present · perfect · passive |  | the letter |  |  | before me | plainly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings EZR.4.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x4:2
# text = (Writings EZR.4.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZR.4.18	EZR.4.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Zephaniah the priest read this letter in the ears of Jeremiah the prophet. (Prophets JER.29.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Zephaniah the priest read this letter in the ears of Jeremiah the prophet.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x5:1
# text = And Zephaniah the priest read this letter in the ears of Jeremiah the prophet.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	Zephaniah	Zephaniah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Jeremiah	Jeremiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	prophet	prophet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | Zephaniah | this letter |  | the ears of Jeremiah |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent letter=Recipient prophet=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.29.29, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x5:2
# text = (Prophets JER.29.29, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.29.29	JER.29.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Jeremiah said to Seraiah: 'When thou comest to Babylon, then see that thou read all these words, (Prophets JER.51.61, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x6:1
# text = And Jeremiah said to Seraiah: 'When thou comest to Babylon, then see that thou read all these words, (Prophets JER.51.61, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jeremiah	Jeremiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Seraiah	Seraiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nsubj	_	_
10	comest	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	obl	_	_
17	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nsubj	_	_
18	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	21	det:predet	_	_
20	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
25	JER.51.61	JER.51.61	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	flat	_	_
28	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jeremiah |  | Seraiah |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to seraiah=Recipient |
| 2 | **come** | present | thou |  |  | Babylon |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to babylon=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **see** | infinitive | thou *not said here* |  |  |  | then |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **read** | past | thou | that |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read the whole problem first, then choose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x7:1
# text = Read the whole problem first, then choose.
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
8	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the whole problem |  |  |  | first *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |
| 2 | **choose** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  | then |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read the question again: what does it ask for?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x8:1
# text = Read the question again: what does it ask for?
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	again	again	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	obj	_	_
7	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the question |  |  | again |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Topic |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present · do-support | question |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia read 12 pages on Monday and 9 pages on Tuesday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x9:1
# text = Mia read 12 pages on Monday and 9 pages on Tuesday.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Tuesday	Tuesday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | Mia | 12 pages |  |  | monday; tuesday |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Topic |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben has read 15 of the 40 pages in his book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x10:1
# text = Ben has read 15 of the 40 pages in his book.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present · perfect | Ben | 15 of the 40 pages in Ben's book |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 15=Topic |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad reads me a story every night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x11:1
# text = Dad reads me a story every night.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | Dad | a story | me |  | night |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient story=Topic |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you read the time on the clock?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x12:1
# text = Can you read the time on the clock?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | can | you |  |  |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I read the label to check for nuts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x13:1
# text = I read the label to check for nuts.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | I | the label |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent label=Topic |
| 2 | **check** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for nuts | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for nut=Attribute |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That book was a great read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x14:1
# text = That book was a great read.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	read	read	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | that book | a great read |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"You are learned, and can read."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:read:x15:1
# text = "You are learned, and can read."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | You |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **read** *in a quote* | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [reach](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/reach/)
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- ↑ back to [R in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/)