---
title: refer — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refer» in the Judaism dictionary: To refer to someone or something is to talk or write about them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** word, it, E., commentator, you, I · **What happens:** refer, be, write, mean, name, see · **To what, where:** list, someone, person, thing, They, Life · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«refer» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refer in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/refer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refer to someone or something is to talk or write about them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:m1:1
# text = To refer to someone or something is to talk or write about them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refer	refer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	talk	talk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	about	about	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to someone | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to someone=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | talk *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **write** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | about them *= they* | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about they=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refer to a book, map or list is to look at it for information.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:m2:1
# text = To refer to a book, map or list is to look at it for information.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refer	refer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to a book and map or list | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to book=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | list |  | for information; look *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refer someone to another person or place is to send them there for help.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:m3:1
# text = To refer someone to another person or place is to send them there for help.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refer	refer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	send	send	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | to-infinitive |  | someone | another person or place |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Theme to person=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | there |  | for help; send *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If a word refers to something, it means or names that thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:m4:1
# text = If a word refers to something, it means or names that thing.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	refers	refer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	names	name	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a word |  |  |  |  | to something | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to something=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **name** | present |  | that thing |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are referred to Life, Peace, Wisdom, Riches, Grace, FertiHty and Power. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They are referred to Life, Peace, Wisdom, Riches, Grace, FertiHty and Power.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x1:1
# text = They are referred to Life, Peace, Wisdom, Riches, Grace, FertiHty and Power.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	referred	refer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Life	Life	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Peace	Peace	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Wisdom	Wisdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Riches	rich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Grace	Grace	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	FertiHty	FertiHty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Power	Power	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | present · passive |  | They | Life and Peace and Wisdom and Riches |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to life=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are referred to Life, Peace, Wisdom, Riches, Grace, Fertility and Power. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They are referred to Life, Peace, Wisdom, Riches, Grace, Fertility and Power.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x2:1
# text = They are referred to Life, Peace, Wisdom, Riches, Grace, Fertility and Power.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	referred	refer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Life	Life	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Peace	Peace	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Wisdom	Wisdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Riches	rich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Grace	Grace	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Fertility	Fertility	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Power	Power	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | present · passive |  | They | Life and Peace and Wisdom and Riches |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to life=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
E.) See treatise Berachoth, p. 55 a, where the commentator Rashi referred to the book Yezirah. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* E.) See treatise Berachoth, p. 55 a, where the commentator Rashi referred to the book Yezirah.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x3:1
# text = E.) See treatise Berachoth, p. 55 a, where the commentator Rashi referred to the book Yezirah.
1	E.	E.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	1	punct	_	_
3	See	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	treatise	treatise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:desc	_	_
5	Berachoth	Berachoth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	p.	P.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	55	55	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	flat	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	15	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	commentator	commentator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	Rashi	Rashi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
15	referred	refer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	Yezirah	Yezirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | infinitive | E. | Berachoth  treatise and p. |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer berachoth=Stimulus |
| 2 | **refer** | past | the commentator |  |  |  |  | to the book | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to book=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please refer to the map on page 12.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x4:1
# text = Please refer to the map on page 12.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	refer	refer	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | page |  | to the map | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to map=Co-Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When I say «the twins», I'm referring to Sam and Alex.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x5:1
# text = When I say «the twins», I'm referring to Sam and Alex.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	twins	twin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	referring	refer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Alex	Alex	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | I | the twins |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent twin=Topic |
| 2 | **refer** | present · progressive | I |  | Sam and Alex |  |  |  | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to sam=Co-Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor referred her to a hospital specialist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x6:1
# text = The doctor referred her to a hospital specialist.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	referred	refer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	specialist	specialist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | past | the doctor | her *= she* | a hospital specialist |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Theme to specialist=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the sum, «n» refers to the number of sweets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x7:1
# text = In the sum, «n» refers to the number of sweets.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	n	n	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	refers	refer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | present | n |  |  | the sum |  | to the number of sweets | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to number=Co-Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Moon is sometimes referred to as Earth's satellite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x8:1
# text = The Moon is sometimes referred to as Earth's satellite.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
5	referred	refer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	obl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | present · passive |  | the Moon |  |  |  | as Earth's satellite; sometimes *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refer back to your notes if you get stuck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x9:1
# text = Refer back to your notes if you get stuck.
1	Refer	refer	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
9	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer back** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to your notes | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to note=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **get** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  | stuck *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **note** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom note «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«It» in the second sentence refers to the dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x10:1
# text = «It» in the second sentence refers to the dog.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
8	refers	refer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | present |  | It |  | the second sentence |  | to the dog | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to dog=Co-Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What men are these you refer to?" said Deirdre.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refer:x11:1
# text = "What men are these you refer to?" said Deirdre.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	refer	refer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	parataxis	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	Deirdre	Deirdre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | these |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **refer** *in a quote* | infinitive | these |  |  |  |  |  | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Deirdre |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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