---
title: refine — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refine» in the Judaism dictionary: To make something purer or better by taking out what is not wanted. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refine

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** they, bellows, some, end · **What happens:** make, take out, not want, be, refine, blow · **To what, where:** something, place, lead, founder, vain, wicked

<!-- .vabout -->
«refine» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refine in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/refine.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make something purer or better by taking out what is not wanted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refine:m1:1
# text = To make something purer or better by taking out what is not wanted.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	purer	pure	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	wanted	want	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 2 | **take out** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **want** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: what=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For there is a mine for silver, and a place for gold which they refine. (Writings JOB.28.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For there is a mine for silver, and a place for gold which they refine.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refine:x1:1
# text = For there is a mine for silver, and a place for gold which they refine.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mine	mine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	refine	refine	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a place |  |  |  | for gold | tree rules |
| 2 | **refine** | present | they | a place |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent which=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.28.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refine:x1:2
# text = (Writings JOB.28.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.28.1	JOB.28.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bellows blow fiercely, the lead is consumed of the fire; in vain doth the founder refine, for the wicked are not separated. (Prophets JER.6.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The bellows blow fiercely, the lead is consumed of the fire; in vain doth the founder refine, for the wicked are not separated.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refine:x2:1
# text = The bellows blow fiercely, the lead is consumed of the fire; in vain doth the founder refine, for the wicked are not separated.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bellows	bellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blow	blow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fiercely	fiercely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	consumed	consume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	obl	_	_
16	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	founder	founder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	refine	refine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	separated	separate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | present | the bellows |  |  |  |  | fiercely *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **consume** | present · passive |  | the lead |  |  |  | of the fire | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |
| 3 | **do** | present | the bellows *not said here* | the founder |  | vain |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **refine** | infinitive | the bellows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **not** **separate** | present · passive |  | the wicked |  |  |  |  | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.6.29, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refine:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JER.6.29, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.6.29	JER.6.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And some of them that are wise shall stumble, to refine among them, and to purify, and to make white, even to the time of the end; for it is yet for the time appointed. (Writings DAN.11.35, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And some of them that are wise shall stumble, to refine among them, and to purify, and to make white, even to the time of the end; for it is yet for the time appointed.

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refine:x3:1
# text = And some of them that are wise shall stumble, to refine among them, and to purify, and to make white, even to the time of the end; for it is yet for the time appointed.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	_
8	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	stumble	stumble	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	refine	refine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	among	among	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	purify	purify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
23	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	even	even	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
33	for	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
36	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
37	for	for	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
40	appointed	appoint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stumble** | shall |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **refine** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | among them *= they* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **purify** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **make** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | time | white *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 6 | **is** | present | end |  |  |  | time | yet *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **appoint** | participle |  | the time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.11.35, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refine:x3:2
# text = (Writings DAN.11.35, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.11.35	DAN.11.35	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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