---
title: refrain — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refrain» in the Judaism dictionary: To stop yourself from doing something: please refrain from talking. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refrain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, comment, he, Joseph, them, man · **What happens:** stop, do, refrain, talk, repeat, keep · **To what, where:** yourself, something, poem, comment, face, himself · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«refrain» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refrain in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/refrain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop yourself from doing something: please refrain from talking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:m1:1
# text = To stop yourself from doing something: please refrain from talking.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	_
9	refrain	refrain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality yourself=Eventuality |
| 2 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **refrain** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn refrain-69 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The part of a song or poem that is repeated, the chorus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:m2:1
# text = The part of a song or poem that is repeated, the chorus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	chorus	chorus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | present · passive |  | poem |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A comment or complaint that people keep repeating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:m3:1
# text = A comment or complaint that people keep repeating.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	comment	comment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	complaint	complaint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	repeating	repeat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | people | a comment or complaint |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **repeat** | gerund | a comment or complaint *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he washed his face, and came out; and he refrained himself, and said: 'Set on bread.' (Torah GEN.43.31, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he washed his face, and came out; and he refrained himself, and said: 'Set on bread.'

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x1:1
# text = And he washed his face, and came out; and he refrained himself, and said: 'Set on bread.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	washed	wash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	out	out	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	refrained	refrain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	ccomp	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | past | he | his face |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |
| 2 | **come out** | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **refrain** | past | he | himself *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **set** | participle |  |  |  | bread |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on bread=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.43.31, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.43.31, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.43.31	GEN.43.31	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried: 'Cause every man to go out from me.' And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren. (Torah GEN.45.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried: 'Cause every man to go out from me.'

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x2:1
# text = Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried: 'Cause every man to go out from me.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	refrain	refrain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obl	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
21	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
25	out	out	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **refrain** | could | Joseph | Joseph |  |  | before all; then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | past | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | by Joseph | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by he=Location |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Joseph |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cause** | infinitive | Joseph *not said here* | every man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go out** | to-infinitive | every man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | from me; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x2:2
# text = And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
13	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	xcomp	_	_
14	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past |  | no man |  | there |  | with man | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** | past | Joseph | Joseph |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | participle | Joseph *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Joseph's brethren | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Torah GEN.45.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x2:3
# text = (Torah GEN.45.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.45.1	GEN.45.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wilt Thou refrain Thyself for these things, O LORD? (Prophets ISA.64.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Wilt Thou refrain Thyself for these things, O LORD?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x3:1
# text = Wilt Thou refrain Thyself for these things, O LORD?
1	Wilt	will	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refrain	refrain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	Thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
10	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refrain** | future | Thou | Thyself |  |  |  | for this things  LORD | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.64.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x3:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.64.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.64.11	ISA.64.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The princes refrained talking, and laid their hand on their mouth; (Writings JOB.29.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x4:1
# text = The princes refrained talking, and laid their hand on their mouth; (Writings JOB.29.9, JPS 1917)
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refrained	refrain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
16	JOB.29.9	JOB.29.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	_
19	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refrain** | past | the princes | Writings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **talk** | gerund | the princes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lay** | past | the princes *not said here* | princes's hand |  | princes's mouth |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme on mouth=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have refrained my feet from every evil way, in order that I might observe Thy word. (Writings PSA.119.101, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I have refrained my feet from every evil way, in order that I might observe Thy word.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x5:1
# text = I have refrained my feet from every evil way, in order that I might observe Thy word.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	refrained	refrain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
8	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refrain** | present · perfect | I | my feet |  | every evil way |  | in order | tree rules |
| 2 | **observe** | might | order | Thy word |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 3 | **word** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.119.101, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.119.101, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.119.101	PSA.119.101	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please refrain from running in the corridors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x6:1
# text = Please refrain from running in the corridors.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	refrain	refrain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	corridors	corridor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refrain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn refrain-69 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **run** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  | the corridors |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in corridor=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Passengers must refrain from smoking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x7:1
# text = Passengers must refrain from smoking.
1	Passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	refrain	refrain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refrain** | must | Passengers |  |  | smoking |  |  | vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent from smoking=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone joined in the refrain of the song.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x8:1
# text = Everyone joined in the refrain of the song.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	joined	join	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	refrain	refrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past | Everyone |  |  |  |  | in the refrain of the song | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in refrain=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poem has a refrain at the end of each verse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x9:1
# text = The poem has a refrain at the end of each verse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	refrain	refrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	verse	verse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the poem | a refrain |  |  | at the end of each verse |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refrain=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I refrained from laughing at his joke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x10:1
# text = I refrained from laughing at his joke.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	refrained	refrain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	advcl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refrain** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn refrain-69 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **laugh** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  | his joke |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **joke** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Are we there yet?» was the children's constant refrain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x11:1
# text = «Are we there yet?» was the children's constant refrain.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
5	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	constant	constant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	refrain	refrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | we |  |  |  | yet | there *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every verse ended with this refrain,--

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refrain:x12:1
# text = Every verse ended with this refrain,--
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	verse	verse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	refrain	refrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | every verse |  |  |  |  | with this refrain | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector with refrain=Subeventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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