---
title: refuse — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refuse» in the Judaism dictionary: To refuse means to say no, or to not do something you are asked to do. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refuse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, she, refuse, thou, them, Edom · **What happens:** refuse, mean, say, not do, ask, do · **To what, where:** something, you, it, offer, rubbish, them · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«refuse» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refuse in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/refuse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refuse means to say no, or to not do something you are asked to do.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:m1:1
# text = To refuse means to say no, or to not do something you are asked to do.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obj	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	asked	ask	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **do** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 5 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refuse something means to not accept it: she refused the offer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:m2:1
# text = To refuse something means to not accept it: she refused the offer.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	accept	accept	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **accept** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **refuse** | past | she | the offer |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offer=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a noun (said REF-yoos), refuse means rubbish or waste.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:m3:1
# text = As a noun (said REF-yoos), refuse means rubbish or waste.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
6	REF	ref	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	yoos	yoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	refuse	refuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | refuse | rubbish or waste |  |  |  | as a noun | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent rubbish=Topic as noun=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still, (Torah EXO.9.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x1:1
# text = For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still, (Torah EXO.9.2, JPS 1917)
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	refuse	refuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	wilt	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	still	still	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	EXO.9.2	EXO.9.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
21	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **let** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **hold** | future |  | them *= they* |  |  | still |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme exo.9.2=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border; wherefore Israel turned away from him. (Torah NUM.20.21, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border; wherefore Israel turned away from him.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x2:1
# text = Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border; wherefore Israel turned away from him.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	away	away	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | Edom |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **give** | to-infinitive | Edom *not said here* | Israel passage |  | Edom's border |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passage=Theme |
| 3 | **turn away** | past | Israel |  |  |  |  | from Edom; away, wherefore *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from he=Source |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.20.21, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x2:2
# text = (Torah NUM.20.21, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.20.21	NUM.20.21	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And if thou refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs. (Torah EXO.8.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And if thou refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x3:1
# text = And if thou refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	refuse	refuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
16	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	borders	border	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **let** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **smite** | future | I | thy borders |  |  |  | with frogs | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent border=Patient with frog=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.8.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x3:2
# text = (Torah EXO.8.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.8.2	EXO.8.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They hold fast deceit, they refuse to return. (Prophets JER.8.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They hold fast deceit, they refuse to return.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x4:1
# text = They hold fast deceit, they refuse to return.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	refuse	refuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | They | fast deceit |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deceit=Theme |
| 2 | **refuse** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **return** | to-infinitive | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.8.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x4:2
# text = (Prophets JER.8.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.8.5	JER.8.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hear instruction, and be wise, and refuse it not. (Writings PRO.8.33, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Hear instruction, and be wise, and refuse it not.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x5:1
# text = Hear instruction, and be wise, and refuse it not.
1	Hear	hear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | imperative | you *not said here* | instruction |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer instruction=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **refuse** | infinitive | you *not said here* | instruction |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.8.33, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x5:2
# text = (Writings PRO.8.33, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.8.33	PRO.8.33	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refuse silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them. (Prophets JER.6.30, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Refuse silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x6:1
# text = Refuse silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.
1	Refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
12	rejected	reject	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | imperative | you *not said here* | silver |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent silver=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | shall | men | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
| 3 | **have** | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **reject** | past | the LORD *not said here* | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.6.30, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x6:2
# text = (Prophets JER.6.30, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.6.30	JER.6.30	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He refused to share his toys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x7:1
# text = He refused to share his toys.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	share	share	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **share** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | his toys |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's okay to refuse if someone asks you to do something unsafe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x8:1
# text = It's okay to refuse if someone asks you to do something unsafe.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	okay	okay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
8	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obj	_	_
13	unsafe	unsafe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | okay *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **refuse** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone |  | you |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog refused to eat its dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x9:1
# text = The dog refused to eat its dinner.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **eat** | to-infinitive | the dog *not said here* | dog's dinner |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She refused the sweets because she had an allergy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x10:1
# text = She refused the sweets because she had an allergy.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	allergy	allergy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | She | the sweets |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | she | a allergy |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent allergy=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The donkey refused to move.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x11:1
# text = The donkey refused to move.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	donkey	donkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | the donkey |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **move** | to-infinitive | the donkey *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The refuse lorry takes away the rubbish on Mondays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x12:1
# text = The refuse lorry takes away the rubbish on Mondays.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	refuse	refuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Mondays	Monday	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take away** | present | the refuse lorry | the rubbish |  |  | monday | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rubbish=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I asked him to stop, but he refused.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x13:1
# text = I asked him to stop, but he refused.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | I |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **refuse** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can refuse a hug if you don't want one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x14:1
# text = You can refuse a hug if you don't want one.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hug	hug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | can | You | a hug |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hug=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **want** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · do-support | you | one |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot one=Theme |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At first I refused to go.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:refuse:x15:1
# text = At first I refused to go.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	obl	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **go** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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