---
title: render — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «render» in the Judaism dictionary: To cause someone or something to be in a certain state. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# render

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I, hand, ye, He, man · **What happens:** cause, be, give, show, perform, translate · **To what, where:** someone, certain state, help, something, certain way, picture

<!-- .vabout -->
«render» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [render in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/render.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cause someone or something to be in a certain state.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:m1:1
# text = To cause someone or something to be in a certain state.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cause	cause	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a certain state |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"rendered helpless".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:m1e:1
# text = "rendered helpless".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  | helpless *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To give help or a service.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:m2:1
# text = To give help or a service.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | help or a service |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To show, perform or translate something in a certain way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:m3:1
# text = To show, perform or translate something in a certain way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	perform	perform	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	translate	translate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **perform** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **translate** | infinitive | you *not said here* | something |  | a certain way |  |  | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computers — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make a picture or video by computer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:m4:1
# text = To make a picture or video by computer.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a picture or video |  |  |  | by computer | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset picture=Product |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: building — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cover a wall with a layer of plaster or cement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:m5:1
# text = To cover a wall with a layer of plaster or cement.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	plaster	plaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cement	cement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | to-infinitive |  | a wall |  |  |  | with a layer of plaster or cement | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent wall=Destination with layer=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; as he hath maimed a man, so shall it be rendered unto him. (Torah LEV.24.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; as he hath maimed a man, so shall it be rendered unto him.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x1:1
# text = breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; as he hath maimed a man, so shall it be rendered unto him.
1	breach	breach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	breach	breach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	maimed	maim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
21	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
25	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **maim** | present · passive |  | breach for breach and tooth for tooth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **render** | shall · passive |  | tooth |  |  |  | unto man | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.24.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.24.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.24.20	LEV.24.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If I whet My glittering sword, and My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to Mine adversaries, and will recompense them that hate Me. (Torah DEU.32.41, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* If I whet My glittering sword, and My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to Mine adversaries, and will recompense them that hate Me.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x2:1
# text = If I whet My glittering sword, and My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to Mine adversaries, and will recompense them that hate Me.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	whet	whet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
4	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	glittering	glittering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
19	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	Mine	Mine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	recompense	recompense	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	appos	_	_
29	hate	hate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
30	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whet** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | I | My glittering sword |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | infinitive | My hand | hold |  | judgment |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hold=Theme on judgment=Destination |
| 3 | **render** | future | I | vengeance | Mine adversaries |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme to adversary=Recipient |
| 4 | **recompense** | future | I *not said here* | adversaries *= adversary* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **hate** | infinitive | I *not said here* | Me |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.32.41, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.32.41, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.32.41	DEU.32.41	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sing aloud, O ye nations, of His people; for He doth avenge the blood of His servants, and doth render vengeance to His adversaries, and doth make expiation for the land of His people. (Torah DEU.32.43, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Sing aloud, O ye nations, of His people; for He doth avenge the blood of His servants, and doth render vengeance to His adversaries, and doth make expiation for the land of His people.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x3:1
# text = Sing aloud, O ye nations, of His people; for He doth avenge the blood of His servants, and doth render vengeance to His adversaries, and doth make expiation for the land of His people.
1	Sing	sing	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
5	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
6	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
15	avenge	avenge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
24	render	render	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	xcomp	_	_
25	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	advmod	_	_
32	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
33	expiation	expiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
34	for	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of His people; aloud *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **nation** |  | ye |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **avenge** | present | He *not said here* | the blood of His servants |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | present | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **render** | present | He *not said here* | vengeance | His adversaries |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme to adversary=Recipient |
| 7 | **do** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **make** | present | He *not said here* | expiation |  |  |  | for the land of His people | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent expiation=Product for land=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.32.43, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x3:2
# text = (Torah DEU.32.43, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.32.43	DEU.32.43	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And shall not He render to every man according to his works? (Writings PRO.24.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And shall not He render to every man according to his works?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x4:1
# text = And shall not He render to every man according to his works?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	works	work	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **render** | shall | He |  | every man |  |  | accord man's works | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to man=Recipient |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **work** |  | man |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.24.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x4:2
# text = (Writings PRO.24.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	PRO.24.12	pro.24.12	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thy vows are upon me, O God; I will render thank-offerings unto Thee. (Writings PSA.56.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thy vows are upon me, O God; I will render thank-offerings unto Thee.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x5:1
# text = Thy vows are upon me, O God; I will render thank-offerings unto Thee.
1	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	vows	vow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	O	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	8	case	_	_
8	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
13	thank	thank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Thy vows |  |  |  |  | upon me | tree rules |
| 2 | **render** | future | I | thank offerings |  |  |  | unto Thee | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offering=Theme |
| 3 | **vow** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom vow «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.56.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.56.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.56.13	PSA.56.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lift up Thyself, Thou Judge of the earth; render to the proud their recompense. (Writings PSA.94.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Lift up Thyself, Thou Judge of the earth; render to the proud their recompense.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x6:1
# text = Lift up Thyself, Thou Judge of the earth; render to the proud their recompense.
1	Lift	lift	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	Thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
6	Judge	Judge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	render	render	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	recompense	recompense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | imperative | you *not said here* | Thyself |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thyself=Theme |
| 2 | **recompense** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom recompense «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.94.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.94.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.94.2	PSA.94.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fall rendered him unable to walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x7:1
# text = The fall rendered him unable to walk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past | the fall | him *= he* |  |  |  | unable *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | to-infinitive | the fall *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The news rendered her speechless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x8:1
# text = The news rendered her speechless.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	speechless	speechless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past | the news |  |  |  |  | speechless *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The computer took an hour to render the animation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x9:1
# text = The computer took an hour to render the animation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	animation	animation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the computer |  |  |  | hour |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **render** | to-infinitive | the computer *not said here* | the animation |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animation=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The builders rendered the outside walls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x10:1
# text = The builders rendered the outside walls.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	outside	outside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past | the builders | the outside walls |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thank you for the help you rendered.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x11:1
# text = Thank you for the help you rendered.
1	Thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  | for the help | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent you=Theme for help=Attribute |
| 2 | **render** | past | you | the help *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poem was rendered into English.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x12:1
# text = The poem was rendered into English.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past · passive |  | the poem |  | English |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its dialect renders it somewhat difficult to read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:render:x13:1
# text = Its dialect renders it somewhat difficult to read.
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	renders	render	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	somewhat	somewhat	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present | Its dialect | it |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | Its dialect *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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