---
title: reversal — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reversal» in the Judaism dictionary: A reversal is a change to the opposite direction, order or result. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reversal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** reversal, principles, team, children, charge, new rule · **What happens:** be, study, bear, reverse, substitute, make · **To what, where:** change, sudden change, reversal, substitution, mind, Hebrew letters

<!-- .vabout -->
«reversal» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reversal in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/reversal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reversal is a change to the opposite direction, order or result.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:m1:1
# text = A reversal is a change to the opposite direction, order or result.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a reversal | a change |  |  |  | to the opposite direction and order or result | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reversal can be a sudden change of fortune, often from good to bad.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:m2:1
# text = A reversal can be a sudden change of fortune, often from good to bad.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fortune	fortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a reversal | a sudden change |  |  |  | of fortune | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a reversal *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to bad; often *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reversal is when a decision is changed by a higher authority.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:m3:1
# text = A reversal is when a decision is changed by a higher authority.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · passive |  | a reversal |  |  |  | by a higher authority; change *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Kabalistic principles involved in the reversal of Hebrew letters, and their substitution by others, on definite schemes, should also be studied and borne in mind. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Kabalistic principles involved in the reversal of Hebrew letters, and their substitution by others, on definite schemes, should also be studied and borne in mind.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:x1:1
# text = The Kabalistic principles involved in the reversal of Hebrew letters, and their substitution by others, on definite schemes, should also be studied and borne in mind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Kabalistic	kabalistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	principles	principle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	involved	involved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	substitution	substitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	definite	definite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	schemes	scheme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
22	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
23	also	also	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	conj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | should · passive |  | principles's substitution by others and definite schemes |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  | mind |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **reverse** |  |  | Hebrew letters |  |  |  |  | nom reversal «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **substitute** |  | principles *= principle* |  |  |  |  |  | nom substitution «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team made an amazing reversal in the second half.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:x2:1
# text = The team made an amazing reversal in the second half.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the team | a amazing reversal |  | the second half |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset reversal=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the play there was a role reversal: the children were in charge and the parents obeyed.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:x3:1
# text = In the play there was a role reversal: the children were in charge and the parents obeyed.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	role	role	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
18	obeyed	obey	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | a role reversal |  | the play |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the children |  |  | charge and the parents |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **obey** | past | charge and the parents | a role reversal *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn abide\_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reversal=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new rule was a reversal of the old one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:x4:1
# text = The new rule was a reversal of the old one.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the new rule | a reversal |  |  |  | of the old one | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The reversal of 47 is 74.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:x5:1
# text = The reversal of 47 is 74.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	47	47	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	74	74	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the reversal of 47 | 74 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freezing melted ice again is a reversal of the change.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:x6:1
# text = Freezing melted ice again is a reversal of the change.
1	Freezing	freeze	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	again	again	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | gerund |  | melted ice |  |  | again |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient ice=Result |
| 2 | **melt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Freezing | a reversal |  |  |  | of the change | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(law) The higher court ordered a reversal of the decision.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:x7:1
# text = (law) The higher court ordered a reversal of the decision.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | the higher court | law |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reversal=Theme |
| 2 | **reverse** |  |  | the decision |  |  |  |  | nom reversal «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Losing his job was a sad reversal of fortune.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:reversal:x8:1
# text = Losing his job was a sad reversal of fortune.
1	Losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fortune	fortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund |  | his job |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Losing | a sad reversal |  |  |  | of fortune | tree rules |
| 3 | **job** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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