---
title: revile — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «revile» in the Judaism dictionary: To insult someone harshly and angrily, using bitter words. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# revile

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Thou, he, infamy, I, fox, bully · **What happens:** insult, use, not revile, hear, revile, not turn away · **To what, where:** someone, bitter words, God, it, thee, princes

<!-- .vabout -->
«revile» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [revile in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/revile.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To insult someone harshly and angrily, using bitter words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:revile:m1:1
# text = To insult someone harshly and angrily, using bitter words.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	insult	insult	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	angrily	angrily	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **insult** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | harshly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **use** | gerund |  | bitter words |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt not revile God, nor curse a ruler of thy people. (Torah EXO.22.28, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou shalt not revile God, nor curse a ruler of thy people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:revile:x1:1
# text = Thou shalt not revile God, nor curse a ruler of thy people.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	revile	revile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	8	cc	_	_
8	curse	curse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **revile** | shall | Thou | God |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.22.28, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:revile:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.22.28, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.22.28	EXO.22.28	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lest he that heareth it revile thee, and thine infamy turn not away. (Writings PRO.25.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Lest he that heareth it revile thee, and thine infamy turn not away.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:revile:x2:1
# text = Lest he that heareth it revile thee, and thine infamy turn not away.
1	Lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	heareth	hear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	revile	revile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	infamy	infamy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
14	away	away	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present | he | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **revile** | infinitive |  | thee |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **turn away** | present | thine infamy |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.25.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:revile:x2:2
# text = (Writings PRO.25.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.25.10	PRO.25.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and I have given Jacob to condemnation, and Israel to reviling. (Prophets ISA.43.28, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and I have given Jacob to condemnation, and Israel to reviling.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:revile:x3:1
# text = Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and I have given Jacob to condemnation, and Israel to reviling.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	profaned	profane	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sanctuary	sanctuary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
15	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	iobj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	condemnation	condemnation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
21	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	reviling	revile	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **profane** | present · perfect | I | the princes of the sanctuary |  |  |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present · perfect | I | Israel | Jacob |  |  | to condemnation | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent jacob=Theme to condemnation=Recipient |
| 3 | **revile** | gerund | I *not said here* | Israel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.43.28, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:revile:x3:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.43.28, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.43.28	ISA.43.28	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox reviled the lion from behind the bars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:revile:x4:1
# text = The fox reviled the lion from behind the bars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reviled	revile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revile** | past | the fox | the lion |  | the bars |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bully reviled the new girl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:revile:x5:1
# text = The bully reviled the new girl.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bully	bully	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reviled	revile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revile** | past | the bully | the new girl |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent girl=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not revile people who are weaker than you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:revile:x6:1
# text = Do not revile people who are weaker than you.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	revile	revile	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	weaker	weak	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **revile** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | people |  |  |  |  | than you; weak *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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