---
title: ruddy — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ruddy» in the Judaism dictionary: A ruddy face is healthy and red or pink, often from being outdoors. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ruddy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ruddy face, Ruddy, first, they, his, beloved · **What happens:** be, mean, use, show, come, call · **To what, where:** softer word, annoyance, name, ten thousand, body, ruddy face · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ruddy» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ruddy in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/ruddy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ruddy face is healthy and red or pink, often from being outdoors.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:m1:1
# text = A ruddy face is healthy and red or pink, often from being outdoors.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
14	outdoors	outdoors	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a ruddy face |  |  |  |  | healthy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a ruddy face *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a ruddy face *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | gerund | a ruddy face *not said here* |  |  |  |  | often, outdoors *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruddy can mean reddish in colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:m2:1
# text = Ruddy can mean reddish in colour.
1	Ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	reddish	reddish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Ruddy |  |  |  |  | reddish *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, mild swearing, old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruddy is a softer word for «bloody», used to show annoyance or for emphasis.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:m3:1
# text = Ruddy is a softer word for «bloody», used to show annoyance or for emphasis.
1	Ruddy	Ruddy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	softer	soft	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	bloody	bloody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	annoyance	annoyance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ruddy | a softer word |  |  |  | for bloody | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a softer word *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | annoyance or emphasis |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent annoyance=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the first came forth ruddy, all over like a hairy mantle; and they called his name Esau. (Torah GEN.25.25, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the first came forth ruddy, all over like a hairy mantle; and they called his name Esau.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x1:1
# text = And the first came forth ruddy, all over like a hairy mantle; and they called his name Esau.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	all	all	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	over	over	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	hairy	hairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	mantle	mantle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	Esau	Esau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the first |  |  |  |  | forth, over, ruddy *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | past | they | his name |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient |
| 3 | **name** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.25.25, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.25.25, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.25.25	GEN.25.25	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'My beloved is white and ruddy, pre-eminent above ten thousand. (Writings SNG.5.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* 'My beloved is white and ruddy, pre-eminent above ten thousand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x2:1
# text = 'My beloved is white and ruddy, pre-eminent above ten thousand.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	beloved	beloved	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	pre-eminent	pre-eminent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
10	above	above	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	compound	_	_
12	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My beloved |  |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | My beloved *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | My beloved *not said here* | ten thousand |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings SNG.5.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x2:2
# text = (Writings SNG.5.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	SNG.5.10	SNG.5.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now he was ruddy, and withal of beautiful eyes, and goodly to look upon. (Prophets 1SA.16.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Now he was ruddy, and withal of beautiful eyes, and goodly to look upon.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x3:1
# text = Now he was ruddy, and withal of beautiful eyes, and goodly to look upon.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	withal	withal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	goodly	goodly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  | now | ruddy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of beautiful eyes | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | goodly *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1SA.16.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x3:2
# text = (Prophets 1SA.16.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1SA.16.12	1SA.16.12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her princes were purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, they were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing was as of sapphire; (Writings LAM.4.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x4:1
# text = Her princes were purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, they were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing was as of sapphire; (Writings LAM.4.7, JPS 1917)
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	purer	pure	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	whiter	white	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
11	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	17	advmod	_	_
17	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	than	than	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	rubies	ruby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	polishing	polishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
30	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
32	LAM.4.7	LAM.4.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	flat	_	_
35	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	32	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	31	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her princes |  |  |  |  | than snow; pure *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | princes *= prince* |  |  |  |  | than milk; white *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | princes *= prince* |  |  | body |  | than rubies; ruddy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | princes's polishing |  |  |  |  | as sapphire | tree rules |
| 5 | **polish** |  | princes *= prince* |  |  |  |  |  | nom polishing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fisherman had a ruddy face from the sea wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x5:1
# text = The fisherman had a ruddy face from the sea wind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fisherman	fisherman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the fisherman | a ruddy face |  | the sea wind |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her cheeks were ruddy after the snowball fight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x6:1
# text = Her cheeks were ruddy after the snowball fight.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	snowball	snowball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her cheeks |  |  |  | after the snowball fight | ruddy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sky had a ruddy glow at sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x7:1
# text = The sky had a ruddy glow at sunset.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	glow	glow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the sky | a ruddy glow |  |  | sunset |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glow=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This ruddy printer has jammed again! (UK, mild swearing)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* This ruddy printer has jammed again!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x8:1
# text = This ruddy printer has jammed again!
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	printer	printer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	jammed	jam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jam** | present · perfect · passive |  | this ruddy printer |  |  | again |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (UK, mild swearing)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x8:2
# text = (UK, mild swearing)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	swearing	swearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad said, «It's ruddy freezing out there!» (UK)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Grandad said, «It's ruddy freezing out there!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x9:1
# text = Grandad said, «It's ruddy freezing out there!»
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
8	freezing	freeze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: express* | past | Grandad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | It |  |  |  |  | ruddy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **freeze out** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (UK)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x9:2
# text = (UK)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ruddy fox crept across the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x10:1
# text = The ruddy fox crept across the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **creep** | past | the ruddy fox |  |  | the field |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across field=Trajectory |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rudy turned round, and beheld a man with a ruddy, pleasant face, and a stout figure.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ruddy:x11:1
# text = Rudy turned round, and beheld a man with a ruddy, pleasant face, and a stout figure.
1	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	round	round	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	pleasant	pleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	stout	stout	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn round** | past | Rudy |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **behold** | past | Rudy *not said here* | a man |  |  |  | with a ruddy pleasant face; a stout figure *obl* | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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